The DOI matches its Crossref record; 102 of the 102 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Malleability of Automatic Stereotypes and Prejudice
Abstract
The present article reviews evidence for the malleability of automatic stereotypes and prejudice. In contrast to assumptions that such responses are fixed and inescapable, it is shown that automatic stereotypes and prejudice are influenced by, (a) self- and social motives, (b) specific strategies, (c) the perceiver's focus of attention, and (d) the configuration of stimulus cues. In addition, group members' individual characteristics are shown to influence the extent to which (global) stereotypes and prejudice are automatically activated. This evidence has significant implications for conceptions of automaticity, models of stereotyping and prejudice, and attitude representation. The review concludes with the description of an initial model of early social information processing.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Even automatically activated prejudice and stereotypes can be inhibited when people are perceived more in terms of their particular qualities than primarily as members of social categories.50”
From Reducing Racial Bias Among Health Care Providers: Lessons from Social-Cognitive Psychology (2007) · cites this paper as [50]
Citations
Cites
Journal of personality and social psychology
Armstrong, J. (1988) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/0169-2070(88)90126-4 · Cited by 10,544
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 · Cited by 9,210
Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.4 · Cited by 6,682
(1999) · Cited by 6,104
Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components
Devine, P. G. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5 · Cited by 5,673
Social psychology: handbook of basic principles
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-3595 · Cited by 4,970
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-3182 · Cited by 4,740
Wyer, R. S., & Srull, T. K. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315807102 · Cited by 4,211
Handbook of personality theory and research
Wilson, G. (1991) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90043-b · Cited by 3,562
Toward an instance theory of automatization.
Logan, G. D. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.4.492 · Cited by 3,466
Research works printed but not linked: 19
- Abelson, R. P., 1989, Attitude strength and function, 361
- Allport, G. W., 1954, The nature of prejudice
- Bargh, J. A., 1989, Unintended thought, 3
- Bargh, J. A., 1997, Advances in social cognition, 1
- Bodenhausen, G. V., 1998, Advances in social cognition, 1
- Brewer, M. B., 1988, Advances in Social Cognition, 1, 1
- Carpenter, S., annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology
- Devine, P. G., 1999, Dual process theories in social psychology, 339
- Fazio, R. H., 1989, Attitude strength and function, 153
- Fiske, S. T., 1999, Dual-process theories in social psychology, 231
- Fiske, S. T., 1984, Social cognition
- Kinder, D. R., 1996, Divided by color
- Krosnick, J. A., 1995, Attitude strength. Antecedents and consequences, 1
- 10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.5 · DOI
- Logan, G. D., 1989, Unintended thought, 52
- Mitchell, J. P., annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association
- Smith, E. R., 1998, The handbook of social psychology, 391
- Wasel, W., 1997, Sprache and Kognition, 3, 198
- Webb, E. J. N. U., 1966, Unobtrusive measures: Nonreactive research in the social sciences
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gawronski, B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.692 · Cited by 2,756
(2003) · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145225 · Cited by 1,829
“Considerable recent research demonstrates that implicit measures also display some sensitivity to context (see Blair 2002 for a detailed review).”
BackgroundAutomaticity: A Theoretical and Conceptual Analysis.
Moors, A., & Houwer, J. D. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.297 · Cited by 1,535
“, M-consciousness; Block, 1995). On the other hand, the subjective criterion is more relaxed, and therefore it is easier to demonstrate SSA in terms of this criterion. The validity of an indirect-without-direct-effect data pattern as evidence for SSA is dependent on two conditions. The direct measure must detect consc…”
BackgroundPrejudice Reduction: What Works? A Review and Assessment of Research and Practice
Paluck, E. L., & Green, D. P. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163607 · Cited by 1,376
“A number of “(un)consciousness-raising” strategies (Banaji 2001, p. 136) aim to combat implicit prejudice through thought suppression, awareness, reconditioning, and control (see Blair 2002 for a review).”
BackgroundLong-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention
Devine, P. G., Forscher, P. S., Austin, A. J., & Cox, W. T. L. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.06.003 · Cited by 1,259
“In response, the fi eld has witnessed an explosion of empirical efforts to reduce implicit biases (Blair, 2002).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Blair, I. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Blair, Irene V.
- ORCID
- Blair, Irene V.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 242-261
- ISSN
- 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7957
- OpenAlex
- W2109792558
- Cited by
- 1,152
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 64
- FWCI
- 82.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- prejudice, automaticity, social motives, attentional focus, stimulus cues, individual differences, attitude representation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
