Cited by 345Social and Intergroup PsychologyBullying, Victimization, and AggressionDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

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Vicarious Retribution: The Role of Collective Blame in Intergroup Aggression

Lickel, Brian, Miller, Norman, Stenstrom, Douglas M., Denson, Thomas F., Schmader, Toni·2006·Personality and Social Psychology Review

DOI 10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_6

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Abstract

We provide a new framework for understanding 1 aspect of aggressive conflict between groups, which we refer to as vicarious retribution. Vicarious retribution occurs when a member of a group commits an act of aggression toward the members of an outgroup for an assault or provocation that had no personal consequences for him or her but which did harm a fellow ingroup member. Furthermore, retribution is often directed at outgroup members who, themselves, were not the direct causal agents in the original attack against the person's ingroup. Thus, retribution is vicarious in that neither the agent of retaliation nor the target of retribution were directly involved in the original event that precipitated the intergroup conflict. We describe how ingroup identification, outgroup entitativity, and other variables, such as group power, influence vicarious retribution. We conclude by considering a variety of conflict reduction strategies in light of this new theoretical framework.

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Authors: Lickel, B., Miller, N., Stenstrom, D. M., Denson, T. F., & Schmader, T.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
University of Arizona (US)
ORCID: Denson, Thomas F.
Schmader, Toni
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2006-11
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Pages: 372-390
ISSN: 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
1532-7957
DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_6
OpenAlex: W1989434673
Cited by: 345
References: 156
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 3.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: intergroup aggression, intergroup conflict, ingroup identification, group power, retaliation
MeSH terms: Aggression, Cognition, Group Processes, Guilt, Humans, Motivation, Social Behavior, Social Perception

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Vicarious Retribution: The Role of Collective Blame in Intergroup Aggression

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