The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Goals and Learning in Microworlds
Open accessAbstract
We explored the consequences for learning through interaction with an educational microworld called Electric Field Hockey (EFH). Like many microworlds, EFH is intended to help students develop a qualitative understanding of the target domain, in this case, the physics of electrical interactions. Through the development and use of a computer model that learns to play EFH, we analyzed the knowledge the model acquired as it applied the game‐oriented strategies we observed physics students using. Through learning‐by‐doing on the standard sequence of tasks, the model substantially improved its EFH playing ability; however, it did so without acquiring any new qualitative physics knowledge. This surprising result led to an experiment that compared students' use of EFH with standard‐goal tasks against two alternative instructional conditions, specific‐path and no‐goal, each justified from a different learning theory. Students in the standard‐goal condition learned less qualitative physics than did those in the two alternative conditions, which was consistent with the model. The implication for instructional practice is that careful selection and analysis of the tasks that frame microworld use is essential if these programs are to lead to the learning outcomes imagined for them. Theoretically, these results suggest a new interpretation for numerous empirical findings on the effectiveness of no‐goal instructional tasks. The standing “reduced cognitive load” interpretation is contradicted by the success of the specific‐path condition, and we offer an alternative knowledge‐dependent interpretation.
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“Research on goal specificity (e.g., Miller etal., 1999; Vollmeyer etal., 1996), mechanisms of errorful generation (Cyr & Anderson, 2015), as well as prior PS-I work (e.g., Kapur, 2015; Schwartz etal., 2011) has suggested that the benefits of prior knowledge activation such as noticing inconsistencies across multiple problem instances, encoding critical features from instruction, and so on, are”
From When Problem Solving Followed by Instruction Works: Evidence for Productive Failure (2021) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 1999
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Kirschner, P. A., Sweller, J., & Clark, R. E. (2006) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep4102_1 · Cited by 7,776
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation
Ross, B. H. (2012) · Cited by 2,631
The Effectiveness of Instructional Games: A Literature Review and Discussion
Hays, R. T. (2005) · doi:10.21236/ada441935 · Cited by 567
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Larreamendy-Joerns, J., & Leinhardt, G. (2006) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543076004567 · Cited by 551
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Sweller, J. (2003) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(03)01015-6 · Cited by 511
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, C. S., Lehman, J. F., & Koedinger, K. R.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Craig S.
- Venue
- Cognitive Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-07
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 305-336
- ISSN
- 0364-0213 (ISSN-L)
- 1551-6709
- OpenAlex
- W2058522826
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cognitive Science (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (9022511)
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Social Sciences › Education › Science Education and Pedagogy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Keywords
- qualitative physics, physics learning, hands-on learning, goal-directed tasks
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