Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing

Morris, C. Donald; Bransford, John D.; Franks, Jeffery J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(77)80016-9

Cited by 2,296Memory Processes and InfluencesReading and Literacy DevelopmentMemory and Neural Mechanisms

Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing

Morris, C. Donald, Bransford, John D., Franks, Jeffery J.·1977·Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior

DOI 10.1016/s0022-5371(77)80016-9

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According to TAP, memory performance depends upon the extent to which processes engaged at the time of learning are the same as those engaged during a test of memory.
“According to TAP, memory performance depends upon the extent to which processes engaged at the time of learning are the same as those engaged during a test of memory.”
From Effects of sentence writing in second language lexical acquisition (2004) · cites this paper as Morris et al., 1977
The transfer-appropriate processing framework holds that learning activities are neither inherently good nor bad but need to be understood in the context of the eventual retrieval environment.
“The basic claim is that learning activities are neither inherently good nor bad but need to be understood in the context of the eventual retrieval environment.”
From Practicing Retrieval Facilitates Learning (2021) · cites this paper as Morris et al. 1977

Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.
Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0020071 · Cited by 4,540 · see citing works

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“According to the principle of transfer appropriate processing, the greater this overlap, the more likely is it that retrieval will succeed (Morris et al., 1977).”
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Authors: Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
Corresponding author: Morris, C. Donald
Venue: Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1977-10
Volume: 16
Issue: 5
Pages: 519-533
ISSN: 0022-5371 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5371(77)80016-9
OpenAlex: W2135088505
Cited by: 2,296
References: 1
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 93 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 81
FWCI: 8.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: levels of processing, transfer-appropriate processing, semantic memory, recognition memory, memory traces

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