Pre-existing antibody: biotherapeutic modality-based review
Open accessAbstract
Pre-existing antibodies to biotherapeutic drugs have been detected in drug-naïve subjects for a variety of biotherapeutic modalities. Pre-existing antibodies are immunoglobulins that are either specific or cross-reacting with a protein or glycan epitopes on a biotherapeutic compound. Although the exact cause for pre-existing antibodies is often unknown, environmental exposures to non-human proteins, glycans, and structurally similar products are frequently proposed as factors. Clinical consequences of the pre-existing antibodies vary from an adverse effect on patient safety to no impact at all and remain highly dependent on the biotherapeutic drug modality and therapeutic indication. As such, pre-existing antibodies are viewed as an immunogenicity risk factor requiring a careful evaluation. Herein, the relationships between biotherapeutic modalities to the nature, prevalence, and clinical consequences of pre-existing antibodies are reviewed. Initial evidence for pre-existing antibody is often identified during anti-drug antibody (ADA) assay development. Other interfering factors known to cause false ADA positive signal, including circulating multimeric drug target, rheumatoid factors, and heterophilic antibodies, are discussed.
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Hoang Thi, T. T., Pilkington, E. H., Nguyen, D. H., Lee, J. S., Park, K. D., & Truong, N. P. (2020) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym12020298 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Gene Therapy for Retinal Degenerative Diseases: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions
Drag, S., Dotiwala, F., & Upadhyay, A. K. (2023) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.64.7.39 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Nakagawa, H., Iizuka, H., Nemoto, O., Shimabe, M., Furukawa, Y., Kikuta, N., & Ootaki, K. (2020) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.06.005 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gorovits, B., Clements-Egan, A., Birchler, M., Liang, M., Myler, H., Peng, K., Purushothama, S., Rajadhyaksha, M., Salazar-Fontana, L., Sung, C., & Xue, L.
- Affiliations
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- GlaxoSmithKline (United States) (US)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb (United States) (US)
- Genentech (US)
- UCB Pharma (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Regeneron (United States) (US)
- Sanofi (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gorovits, Boris
- Venue
- The AAPS Journal
- Published
- 2016-01-28
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 311-320
- ISSN
- 1550-7416 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4779092
- OpenAlex
- W2288666258
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- The AAPS Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Genentech
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions
- Keywords
- pre-existing antibodies, biologic therapy, anti-drug antibodies, immunogenicity, cross-reactive antibodies, carbohydrate epitopes, rheumatoid factor, heterophile antibodies, patient safety
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Autoantibodies, Biological Products, Biological Therapy, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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