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Minireview: Adiposity, Inflammation, and Atherogenesis
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that secretes a number of factors that are increasingly recognized to contribute to systemic and vascular inflammation. Several of these factors, collectively referred to as adipokines, have now been shown regulate, directly or indirectly, a number of the processes that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, including hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and vascular remodeling. Several adipokines are preferentially expressed in visceral adipose tissue, and the secretion of proinflammatory adipokines is elevated with increasing adiposity. Not surprisingly, approaches that reduce adipose tissue depots, including surgical fat removal, exercise, and reduced caloric intake, improve proinflammatory adipokine levels and reduce the severity of their resultant pathologies. Systemic adipokine levels can also be favorably altered by treatment with several of the existing drug classes used to treat insulin resistance, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Greater understanding of adipokine regulation, however, should result in the design of improved treatment strategies to control disease states associated with increase adiposity, an important outcome in view of the growing worldwide epidemic of obesity.
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“Moreover, higher aortic pulse-wave velocity, a measure of aortic stiffness, strongly correlates with increases in BMI, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio independent of systolic blood pressure, race, and sex19,20.”
From Obesity-Induced Hypertension: Interaction of Neurohumoral and Renal Mechanisms (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
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“There is evidence that excess visceral fat is an important source of cytokines and other factors that create a milieu of oxidative stress and inflammation that contributes to endothelial dysfunction, vascular stiffening, and eventually atherosclerosis20.”
From Obesity-Induced Hypertension: Interaction of Neurohumoral and Renal Mechanisms (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“White adipose tissue (WAT), now considered as a pivotal endocrine organ, contributes to the systemic inflammation by producing biomolecules, including pro-inflammatory mediators, whose estimated number grows constantly and whose synthesis is altered along with the expansion of the adipose tissue [6,7].”
From Adipose tissue transcriptomic signature highlights the pathological relevance of extracellular matrix in human obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [7]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lyon, C. J., Law, R. E., & Hsueh, W. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hsueh, Willa A.
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2003-06-01
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2195-2200
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W1981444005
- Cited by
- 761
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 9.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1P01 HIG0030-01A1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- adiposity, adipokines, atherosclerosis, vascular inflammation, visceral adipose tissue, obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, bariatric surgery, physical activity, caloric restriction, anti-inflammatory agents, hypercholesterolemia
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Arteriosclerosis, Humans, Obesity, Vasculitis
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