The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone Neurons Interact Directly with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-I and -II Neurons in European Starling Brain
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic dodecapeptide (SIKPSAYLPLRF-NH2) that directly inhibits gonadotropin synthesis and release from quail pituitary. The action of GnIH is mediated by a novel G-protein coupled receptor. This gonadotropin-inhibitory system may be widespread in vertebrates, at least birds and mammals. In these higher vertebrates, histological evidence suggests contact of GnIH immunoreactive axon terminals with GnRH neurons, thus indicating direct regulation of GnRH neuronal activity by GnIH. In this study we investigated the interaction of GnIH and GnRH-I and -II neurons in European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) brain. Cloned starling GnIH precursor cDNA encoded three peptides that possess characteristic LPXRF-amide (X = L or Q) motifs at the C termini. Starling GnIH was further identified as SIKPFANLPLRF-NH2 by mass spectrometry combined with immunoaffinity purification. GnIH neurons, identified by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry (ICC), were clustered in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. GnIH immunoreactive fiber terminals were present in the external layer of the median eminence in addition to the preoptic area and midbrain, where GnRH-I and GnRH-II neuronal cell bodies exist, respectively. GnIH axon terminals on GnRH-I and -II neurons were shown by GnIH and GnRH double-label ICC. Furthermore, the expression of starling GnIH receptor mRNA was identified in both GnRH-I and GnRH-II neurons by in situ hybridization combined with GnRH ICC. The cellular localization of GnIH receptor has not previously been identified in any vertebrate brain. Thus, GnIH may regulate reproduction of vertebrates by directly modulating GnRH-I and GnRH-II neuronal activity, in addition to influencing the pituitary gland.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs
Kozak, M. (1987) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/15.20.8125 · Cited by 5,087
Structure of the porcine LH- and FSH-releasing hormone. I. The proposed amino acid sequence
Matsuo, H., Baba, Y., Nair, R. M. G., Arimura, A., & Schally, A. V. (1971) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(71)80019-0 · Cited by 1,135
Structure of the porcine LH- and FSH-releasing hormone. I. The proposed amino acid sequence
(1976) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(76)90821-8 · Cited by 1,033
Photoperiodic Control of Seasonality in Birds
Dawson, A., King, V. M., Bentley, G. E., & Ball, G. F. (2001) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873001129002079 · Cited by 1,020
Self-citationA Novel Avian Hypothalamic Peptide Inhibiting Gonadotropin Release
Tsutsui, K., Saigoh, E., Ukena, K., Teranishi, H., Fujisawa, Y., Kikuchi, M., Ishii, S., & Sharp, P. J. (2000) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3350 · Cited by 828
Self-citationNew neuropeptides containing carboxy-terminal RFamide and their receptor in mammals
Hinuma, S., Shintani, Y., Fukusumi, S., Iijima, N., Matsumoto, Y., Hosoya, M., Fujii, R., Watanabe, T., Kikuchi, K., Terao, Y., et al. (2000) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35036326 · Cited by 565
Identification and characterization of a gonadotropin-inhibitory system in the brains of mammals
Kriegsfeld, L. J., Mei, D. F., Bentley, G. E., Ubuka, T., Mason, A. O., Inoue, K., Ukena, K., Tsutsui, K., & Silver, R. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0511003103 · Cited by 552
Self-citationPrimary Structure of the Ovine Hypothalamic Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor (LRF)
Burgus, R., Butcher, M., Amoss, M., Ling, N., Monahan, M., Rivier, J., Fellows, R., Blackwell, R., Vale, W., & Guillemin, R. (1972) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.69.1.278 · Cited by 476
Miyamoto, K., Hasegawa, Y., Nomura, M., Igarashi, M., Kangawa, K., & Matsuo, H. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.12.3874 · Cited by 457
Johnson, M. A., Tsutsui, K., & Fraley, G. S. (2007) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.09.009 · Cited by 388
Self-citation
Cited by
Smith, J. T., Coolen, L. M., Kriegsfeld, L. J., Sari, I. P., Jaafarzadehshirazi, M. R., Maltby, M., Bateman, K., Goodman, R. L., Tilbrook, A. J., Ubuka, T., et al. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-0581 · Cited by 387
Self-citationKirby, E. D., Geraghty, A. C., Ubuka, T., Bentley, G. E., & Kaufer, D. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0901176106 · Cited by 379
Self-citationDucret, E., Anderson, G. M., & Herbison, A. E. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-1623 · Cited by 295
Ubuka, T., Inoue, K., Fukuda, Y., Mizuno, T., Ukena, K., Kriegsfeld, L. J., & Tsutsui, K. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-1110 · Cited by 279
Self-citationUbuka, T., Morgan, K., Pawson, A. J., Osugi, T., Chowdhury, V. S., Minakata, H., Tsutsui, K., Millar, R. P., & Bentley, G. E. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008400 · Cited by 261
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Ubuka, T., Kim, S., Huang, Y.-C., Reid, J., Jiang, J., Osugi, T., Chowdhury, V. S., Tsutsui, K., & Bentley, G. E.
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2007-09-27
- Volume
- 149
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 268-278
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2166905473
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 38
- FWCI
- 14.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone Neurons Interact Directly with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-I and -II Neurons in European Starling Brain. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1210/en.2007-0983
- The paper
- Ubuka, T., Kim, S., Huang, Y.-C., Reid, J., Jiang, J., Osugi, T., Chowdhury, V. S., Tsutsui, K., & Bentley, G. E. (2008). Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone Neurons Interact Directly with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-I and -II Neurons in European Starling Brain. Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0983
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.