The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Testosterone on Mood, Aggression, and Sexual Behavior in Young Men: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study
Abstract
The prospects of wider application of testosterone (T) in novel indications such as male contraception have prompted renewed interest in the investigation of nonreproductive actions and safety of androgens. This study investigated potential changes in mood and behavior in response to elevations in circulating T concentrations produced by the new long-acting preparation, T undecanoate (TU). Twenty-eight eugonadal men were randomized into one of two treatment groups: A1) active, receiving 1000 mg TU im followed by A2) washout, followed by A3) placebo, receiving 4 ml castor oil im; B1) placebo, 4 ml castor oil im; B2) washout followed by B3) active, receiving 1000 mg TU im. Mood, self- and partner-reported physical and verbal aggression, anger, hostility, irritability, assertiveness, self-esteem, and sexual function were assessed. A single injection of 1000 mg TU im increased plasma T concentrations from 20.7 ± 1.5 to 37.5 ± 2.2 nmol/liter at wk 1 and 31.6 ± 1.5 nmol/liter at wk 2, and estradiol from 74.0 ± 4.9 to 120.4 ± 10.7 pmol/liter at wk 1, and 100.0 ± 6.3 pmol/liter at wk 2. The T increment was associated with detectable but minor mood changes. Increased circulating T was associated with significant increases in anger-hostility from baseline (mean score = 7.48) to wk 2 (mean score = 10.71) accompanied by an overall reduction in fatigue-inertia (treatment = 6.21 vs. placebo = 7.84). TU treatment did not increase aggressive behavior or induce any changes in nonaggressive or sexual behavior. Changes in estradiol were not associated with any behavioral alterations. Our results suggest that exogenous TU-induced elevation of circulating T, to the range likely to be used in hormonal male contraception, has limited psychological effects. Future research should investigate the implications of these minor mood changes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A transient increase in anger/hostility was found in eugonadal men whose testosterone levels were raised above normal after 2 weeks (77).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [77]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Rosen, R. C., Riley, A., Wagner, G., Osterloh, I. H., Kirkpatrick, J., & Mishra, A. (1997) · Urology · doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(97)00238-0 · Cited by 5,849
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452 · Cited by 4,693
An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility.
Buss, A. H., & Durkee, A. (1957) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0046900 · Cited by 2,614
Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group
Salmivalli, C., LAGERSPETZ, K. M. J., Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1998) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2337(1996)22:1 · Cited by 2,023
Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem.
Heatherton, T. F., & Polivy, J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.895 · Cited by 2,007 · cited 1×
“The State Self-Esteem Scale (38) consists of 20 items that are concerned with performance and social and appearance aspects of self-esteem.”
BackgroundThe effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men
Bhasin, S., Storer, T. W., Berman, N., Callegari, C., Clevenger, B., Phillips, J., Bunnell, T. J., Tricker, R., Shirazi, A., & Casaburi, R. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199607043350101 · Cited by 1,659
A 30-item schedule for assessing assertive behavior
Rathus, S. A. (1973) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(73)80120-0 · Cited by 1,017
Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men
Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L., Casaburi, R., Singh, A. B., Bhasin, D., Berman, N., Chen, X., Yarasheski, K. E., Magliano, L., Dzekov, C., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.6.e1172 · Cited by 967
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Parrott, 1994, Anabolic steroid use by amateur athletes: effects upon hostility and aggression., J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 34, 292
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sex Differences in Aggression in Real-World Settings: A Meta-Analytic Review
Archer, J. (2004) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.8.4.291 · Cited by 1,916
Self-citationTestosterone and human aggression: an evaluation of the challenge hypothesis
Archer, J. E. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.12.007 · Cited by 1,308
Self-citationEffects of testosterone on sexual function in men: results of a meta‐analysis
Isidori, A. M., Giannetta, E., Gianfrilli, D., Greco, E. A., Bonifacio, V., Aversa, A., Isidori, A., Fabbri, A., & Lenzi, A. (2005) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02350.x · Cited by 492
Kelly, D. M., & Jones, T. H. (2015) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12282 · Cited by 487
Lowered testosterone in male obesity: Mechanisms, morbidity and management
Grossmann, M., Tang Fui, M., & Dupuis, P. (2014) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.4103/1008-682x.122365 · Cited by 293
Metadata
- Authors
- O’Connor, D. B., Archer, J., & Wu, F. C. W.
- Affiliations
- Department of Endocrinology (D.B.O., F.C.W.W.), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
- University of Lancashire (GB)
- Manchester Royal Infirmary (GB)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2004-06-01
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2837-2845
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2119920700
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- testosterone undecanoate, testosterone, mood, aggression, anger-hostility, sexual behavior, male contraception, androgen effects, estradiol, self-esteem, young men
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aggression, Androgens, Double-Blind Method, Estradiol, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Humans, Irritable Mood, Luteinizing Hormone, Male, Placebos, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Sexual Behavior, Testosterone, Cross-Over Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
