The effects of growth hormone treatment on bone mineral density and body composition in girls with Turner syndrome
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many girls with Turner syndrome (TS) are treated with GH to increase adult height. In addition to promoting longitudinal bone growth, GH has effects on bone and body composition. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine how GH treatment affects bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in girls with TS. METHOD: In a cross-sectional study, we compared measures of body composition and BMD by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and phalangeal cortical thickness by hand radiography in 28 girls with TS who had never received GH and 39 girls who were treated with GH for at least 1 yr. All girls were participants in a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Research Center (CRC) protocol between 2001 and 2006. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in age (12.3 yr, sd 2.9), bone age (11.5 yr, sd 2.6), and weight (42.8 kg, sd 16.6); but the GH-treated group was taller (134 vs. 137 cm, P = 0.001). The average duration of GH treatment was 4.2 (sd 3.2) yr (range 1-14 yr). After adjustment for size and bone age, there were no significant differences in BMD at L1-L4, 1/3 radius or cortical bone thickness measured at the second metacarpal. However, lean body mass percent was higher (P < 0.001), whereas body fat percent was lower (P < 0.001) in the GH-treated group. These effects were independent of estrogen exposure and were still apparent in girls that had finished GH treatment at least 1 yr previously. CONCLUSIONS: Although GH treatment has little effect on cortical or trabecular BMD in girls with TS, it is associated with increased lean body mass and reduced adiposity.
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Studies on the effect of GH on BMD have not shown a consistent effect in girls with TS.
“Studies on the effect of GH on BMD have not shown a consistent effect in girls with TS.203,740”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [203]
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Herșcovici, I.-I., Pânzaru, M.-C., Constantinescu, G. A., Leuștean, L., Ungureanu, M.-C., Preda, C., & Rusu, C. (2026) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.endien.2026.501821
- Authors
- Ari, M., Bakalov, V. K., Hill, S., & Bondy, C. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bondy, Carolyn A.
- ORCID
- Ari, Mim
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2006-11-01
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4302-4305
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2009298507
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (-3330)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Keywords
- Turner syndrome, growth hormone therapy, bone mineral density, body composition, lean body mass, fat mass, girls, adult height, estrogen exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Body Composition, Body Height, Bone and Bones, Bone Development, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Muscles, Radiography, Turner Syndrome, Bone Density, Human Growth Hormone
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