Bexarotene-induced hypothyroidism: Bexarotene stimulates the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones

Smit, Johannes W. A.; Stokkel, Marcel P. M.; Pereira, Alberto M.; Romijn, Johannes A.; Visser, Theo J.

doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2822

Cited by 59Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsThyroid Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentThyroid and Parathyroid Surgery

Bexarotene-induced hypothyroidism: Bexarotene stimulates the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones

Smit, Johannes W. A., Stokkel, Marcel P. M., Pereira, Alberto M., Romijn, Johannes A., Visser, Theo J.·2007·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/jc.2006-2822

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Therapy with the retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene is associated with hypothyroidism caused by decreased pituitary TSH secretion. To evaluate the effects of bexarotene on peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism, we performed a study in athyreotic subjects on a fixed substitution dose with L-T4. DESIGN: The design was an open prospective 6-wk intervention study. METHODS: Ten athyreotic patients with pulmonary metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma received 6-wk redifferentiation treatment with 300 mg bexarotene/d. L-T4 doses were kept stable. Before and in the sixth week of therapy, serum levels of total T4, free T4 (FT4), T3, reverse T3 (rT3), and TSH were measured. To study nondeiodinase-mediated thyroid hormone degradation, serum levels of T4 sulfate (T4S) were measured. Recombinant human TSH was administered before and in the sixth week of bexarotene therapy. RESULTS: Bexarotene induced profound decreases in total T4 (56% of baseline), FT4 (47%), T3 (69%), rT3 (51%), and T4S (70%) in all patients, whereas TSH levels were not affected. The T3/rT3 ratio increased by 43%, and the T4S/FT4 ratio increased by 48%. Serum TSH levels before and after recombinant human TSH were unaffected by bexarotene. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we demonstrate that increased peripheral degradation of thyroid hormones by a nondeiodinase-mediated pathway contributes to bexarotene induced-hypothyroidism.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1210/jc.2006-2822

Cites

20 of 20 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The retinoid bexarotene causes central hypothyroidism in almost all patients, via TSH suppression and non-deiodinase-mediated thyroid hormone increased metabolism.
“The retinoid bexarotene causes CH in almost all patients (22), via TSH suppression (93) and non-deiodinase-mediated thyroid hormone increased metabolism (94).”
From L-T4 therapy in the presence of pharmacological interferents (2020) · cites this paper as [94]

Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases
Bianco, A. C., Salvatore, D., Gereben, B., Berry, M. J., & Larsen, P. R. (2002) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.23.1.0455 · Cited by 1,853 · see citing works
Retinoid X Receptor Heterodimers in the Metabolic Syndrome
Shulman, A. I., & Mangelsdorf, D. J. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra043590 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Central hypothyroidism associated with retinoid X receptor-selective ligands
Sherman, S. I., Gopal, J., Haugen, B. R., Chiu, A. C., Whaley, K., Nowlakha, P., & Duvic, M. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199904083401404 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Reversible Diastolic Dysfunction after Long-Term Exogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Smit, J. W. A., Eustatia‐Rutten, C. F. A., Corssmit, E. P. M., Pereira, A. M., Frölich, M. A., Bleeker, G. B., Holman, E. R., van der Wall, E. E., Romijn, J. A., & Bax, J. J. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0620 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF REVERSE TRI-IODOTHYRONINE
VISSER, T. J., Docter, R., & HENNEMANN, G. (1977) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0730395 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Mechanism of Selective Retinoid X Receptor Agonist-Induced Hypothyroidism in the Rat
Liu, S., Ogilvie, K. M., Klausing, K., Lawson, M. A., Jolley, D., Li, D., Bilakovics, J. M., Pascual, B., Hein, N., Urcan, M. S., et al. (2002) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.143.8.8930 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Regulation of Type III Iodothyronine Deiodinase Expression in Human Cell Lines
Kester, M. H. A., Kuiper, G. G. J. M., Versteeg, R., & Visser, T. J. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-0590 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Effects of Rexinoids on Thyrotrope Function and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis
Sharma, V., Hays, W. R., Wood, W. M., Pugazhenthi, U., Germain, D. L. S., Bianco, A. C., Krężel, W., Chambon, P., & Haugen, B. R. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-0706 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Bexarotene increases uptake of radioiodide in metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Liu, Y. Y., Stokkel, M. P. M., Pereira, A. M., Corssmit, E. P. M., Morreau, H. A., Romijn, J. A., & Smit, J. W. A. (2006) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02123 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Thyrotrope-Restricted Isoform of the Retinoid-X Receptor-γ1 Mediates 9-cis-Retinoic Acid Suppression of Thyrotropin-β Promoter Activity
Haugen, B. R., Brown, N. S., Wood, W. M., Gordon, D. F., & Ridgway, E. C. (1997) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.11.4.9905 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Induction of type III‐deiodinase activity in astroglial cells by retinoids
Esfandiari, A., Gagelin, C., Gavaret, J., Pavelka, S., Lennon, A., Pierre, M., & Courtin, F. (1994) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.440110306 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Single-Dose Rexinoid Rapidly and Specifically Suppresses Serum Thyrotropin in Normal Subjects
Golden, W. M., Weber, K. B., Hernandez, T. L., Sherman, S. I., Woodmansee, W. W., & Haugen, B. R. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0696 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effects of retinoid treatment of rats on hepatic microsomal metabolism and cytochromes P450. Correlation between retinoic acid receptor/retinoid x receptor selectivity and effects on metabolic enzymes.
Howell, S. R., Shirley, M. A., & Ulm, E. H. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The rat TSHβ gene contains distinct response elements for regulation by retinoids and thyroid hormone
Breen, J. J., Hickok, N. J., & Gurr, J. A. (1997) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(97)00099-3 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Identification of Thyroxine-Sulfate (T 4 S) in Human Serum and Amniotic Fluid by a Novel T 4 S Radioimmunoassay
Wu, S.-Y., Huang, W.-S., Polk, D. H., Florsheim, W. H., GREEN, W. L., & Fisher, D. A. (1992) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.1992.2.101 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Development of a Radioimmunoassay for Triiodothyronine Sulfate
Rooda, S. J. E., Kaptein, E., van Loon, M. A. C., & Visser, T. J. (1988) · Journal of Immunoassay · doi:10.1080/15321818808057036 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Serum Triiodothyronine Sulfate in Man Measured by Radioimmunoassay
Rooda, S. J. E., Kaptein, E., & VISSER, T. J. (1989) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-69-3-552 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
RXR receptor agonist suppression of thyroid function: central effects in the absence of thyroid hormone receptor
Macchia, P. E., Jiang, P., Yuan, Y.-D., Chandarardna, R. A. S., Weiss, R. E., Chassande, O., Samarut, J., Refetoff, S., & Burant, C. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00313.2001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Male rat hepatic udp-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward thyroxine
de Sandro, V., Catinot, R., Kriszt, W., Cordier, A., & Richert, L. (1992) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(92)90215-5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Therapeutic Advances in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL): From Retinoids to Rexinoids
Stadler, R., & Kremer, A. (2006) · Seminars in Oncology · doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.12.016 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 22 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Understanding, recognizing, and managing toxicities of targeted anticancer therapies
Dy, G. K., & Adjei, A. A. (2013) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21184 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Drugs that suppress TSH or cause central hypothyroidism
Haugen, B. R. (2009) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.003 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Thyroid Dysfunction from Antineoplastic Agents
Hamnvik, O. R., Larsen, P. R., & Marqusee, E. (2011) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djr373 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Drug effects on the thyroid.
Burch, H. B. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1901214 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Thyroid Dysfunction as an Unintended Side Effect of Anticancer Drugs
Torino, F., Barnabei, A., Paragliola, R., Baldelli, R., Appetecchia, M., & Corsello, S. M. (2013) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2013.0241 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Thyrotropin secretion patterns in health and disease
Roelfsema, F., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2013) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2012-1076 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Mechanisms related to the pathophysiology and management of central hypothyroidism
Yamada, M., & Mori, M. (2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0995 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
U.K. consensus statement on safe clinical prescribing of bexarotene for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Scarisbrick, J. J., Morris, S., Azurdia, R. M., Illidge, T., PARRY, E. J., GRAHAM-BROWN, R. A. C., Cowan, R. A., Gallop‐Evans, E., Wachsmuth, R. C., Eagle, M., et al. (2012) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.12042 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
A review of the molecular design and biological activities of RXR agonists
de Almeida, N. R., & Conda‐Sheridan, M. (2019) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21578 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
2019 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on the Management of Thyroid Dysfunction following Immune Reconstitution Therapy
Muller, I., Moran, C., Lecumberri, B., Decallonne, B., Robertson, N., Jones, J., & Dayan, C. M. (2019) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1159/000500881 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The emerging role of bexarotene in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: current evidence
Tousi, B. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s61309 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Bexarotene Induces Dyslipidemia by Increased Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Production and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein-Mediated Reduction of High-Density Lipoprotein
der Weij, J. D. V.-V., de Haan, W., Hu, L., Kuif, M., Oei, H. L. D. W., van der Hoorn, J. W. A., Havekes, L. M., Princen, H. M. G., Romijn, J. A., Smit, J. W. A., et al. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-1540 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Anticancer Drug-induced Thyroid Dysfunction
Bhattacharya, S., Goyal, A., Kaur, P., Medanta, T. M., Singh, R. K., & Kalra, S. (2020) · touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology · doi:10.17925/ee.2020.16.1.32 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Retinoid X Receptor Agonist Bexarotene Relieves Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Lerner, V., Miodownik, C., Gibel, A., Sirota, P., Bush, I., Elliot, H., Benatov, R., & Ritsner, M. S. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.12m08160 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: TGAb, TPOAb, TRAb and recovery from hypothyroidism
Takasu, N., & Noh, J. Y. (2008) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1586/1744666x.4.2.221 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Regulatory aspects of the human hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis
Roelfsema, F., Boelen, A., Kalsbeek, A., & Fliers, E. (2017) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2017.09.004 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Nutrition and skin
Pappas, A., Liakou, A. Ι., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2016) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9374-z · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Effect of Medications on Thyroid Function Tests
Kundra, P., & Burman, K. D. (2012) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.02.001 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
ENDOCRINE SIDE-EFFECTS OF ANTI-CANCER DRUGS: The impact of retinoids on the thyroid axis
Graeppi-Dulac, J., Vlaeminck‐Guillem, V., Perier‐Muzet, M., Dalle, S., & Orgiazzi, J. (2014) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-13-0920 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effects of the Environment, Chemicals and Drugs on Thyroid Function
Sarne, D. (2016) · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bexarotene‐induced hypothyroidism: Characteristics and therapeutic strategies
Makita, N., Manaka, K., Sato, J., Mitani, K., Nangaku, M., & Iiri, T. (2019) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13975 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Advances in drug design with RXR modulators
Vaz, B., & de Lera, Á. R. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460441.2012.722992 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A rexinoid antagonist increases the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid set point in mice and thyrotrope cells
Janssen, J. S., Sharma, V., Pugazhenthi, U., Sladek, C. D., Wood, W. M., & Haugen, B. R. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.03.014 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Less known aspects of central hypothyroidism: Part 1- Acquired etiologies
Benvenga, S., Klose, M., Vita, R., & Feldt-Rasmussen, U. (2018) · Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2018.09.003 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Drugs and Other Substances Interfering with Thyroid Function
Montanelli, L., Benvenga, S., Hegedüs, L., Vitti, P., Latrofa, F., & Duntas, L. H. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45013-1_27 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Derivation of a Retinoid X Receptor Scaffold from Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor γ Ligand 1‐Di(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methyl‐4‐trifluoromethylbenzene
Dawson, M. I., Ye, M., Cao, X., Farhana, L., Hu, Q., Zhao, Y., Xu, L. P., Kiselyuk, A., Correa, R. G., Yang, L., et al. (2009) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.200800447 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Isotretinoin Associated Reversible Hypothyroidism
Masood, M. Q., & Hakeem, H. (2011) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2010.0265 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
L-T4 therapy in the presence of pharmacological interferents
Benvenga, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.607446 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The retinoid bexarotene causes CH in almost all patients (22), via TSH suppression (93) and non-deiodinase-mediated thyroid hormone increased metabolism (94).”
Background
Evaluation of thyroid function tests of acne vulgaris patients treated with systemic isotretinoin
Yıldırım, N., Doğan, S., & Atakan, N. (2016) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.1080/09546634.2016.1214232 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies
Yeung, S. J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26387-8_21 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Endocrinology and Metabolism
Yeung, S. J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67123-5_29 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effects of isotretinoin on the thyroid gland and thyroid function tests in acne patients: A preliminary study
Uyar, B., Solak, A., Saklamaz, A., Akyıldız, M., Genç, B., & Gökduman, A. (2016) · Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology · doi:10.4103/0378-6323.182794 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Autoimmune thyroiditis and isotretinoin: real association or coincidence?
Guerouaz, N., Saint-Jean, M., Peuvrel, L., & Dréno, B. (2014) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12577 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Therapeutic use of selective synthetic ligands for retinoic acid receptors: a patent review
Marchwicka, A., Cunningham, A., Marcinkowska, E., & Brown, G. (2016) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents · doi:10.1080/13543776.2016.1205586 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Exploring the combined therapeutic efficacy of bexarotene and icariin in type 2 diabetic rats
Dik, B., Parlak, T. M., Ateş, M. B., & Tufan, Ö. (2024) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1093/jpp/rgae100 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bexarotene-induced hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia; a nation-wide study
Manaka, K., Sato, J., Hikima, Y., Horikoshi, H., Taguchi, M., Morita, A., Suga, H., Boki, H., Fujimura, T., Hirai, Y., et al. (2024) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej23-0699 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bexarotene-induced central hypothyroidism assessed by TRH stimulation test in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients
Toi, N., Kurajoh, M., Miyaoka, D., Nagata, Y., Yamada, S., Imanishi, Y., Hayashi, D., Tateishi, C., Inaba, M., Tsuruta, D., et al. (2021) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0313 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Drugs and Other Substances Interfering with Thyroid Function
Montanelli, L., Benvenga, S., Hegedűs, L. D., Vitti, P., Latrofa, F., & Duntas, L. H. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29195-6_27-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Thyroid Function Abnormalities in Patients Receiving Anticancer Agents
Torino, F., Barnabei, A., Baldelli, R., & Appetecchi, M. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/50375 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
EVALUATION OF THYROID FUNCTION TESTS BEFORE AND AFTER SYSTEMIC ISOTRETINOIN TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS PATIENTS
Ahmed, F. A., Zaky, A. M., & El-Qodos, S. M. A. (2021) · Al-Azhar Medical Journal · doi:10.21608/amj.2021.178664 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effects of drugs on thyroid function
Baruah, M., & Singh, R. (2012) · Thyroid Research and Practice · doi:10.4103/0973-0354.92387 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Vitamin A and the Skin
Elewa, R. M., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7967-4_2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Successful Treatment of Bexarotene-Induced Central Hypothyroidism
Tucci, M., Galagan, R., & Lovre, D. (2024) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luae041 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Isotretinoin and Thyroid Dysfunction: A Call for Routine Monitoring
Iftikhar, Z., Ghanem, L., Sheraz, M., Ahmed, M., Rath, S., & Husain, M. (2025) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1155/dth/4503927 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Influence of Drugs on Thyroid Function Tests
Ananthakrishnan, S., & Pearce, E. N. (2010) · Endocrine updates · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1485-9_13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Endocrine Complications and Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Yeung, S. J., & Gagel, R. F. (2017) · Holland‐Frei Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/9781119000822.hfcm139 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Alopecia and Thyroid Disease
Tarbox, M. B., & Bergfeld, W. F. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84800-187-9_11
Bexarotene-Induced Dyslipidemia and Central Hypothyroidism in a Patient With Sezary Syndrome
Sariakcali, B., Jamaspishvili, E., Evran, M., Sert, M., & Tetıker, T. (2014) · Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.14740/jem.v4i4.222
Thyroid Hormone Treatment for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: What Drug, How Long, What Dose?
Piantanida, E., Compri, E., Gandolfo, M., Sassi, L., Dionigi, G., Lai, A., Tanda, M. L., & Bartalena, L. (2009) · Current Cancer Therapy Reviews · doi:10.2174/157339409789712717
1 THE IMPACT OF RETINOIDS ON THE THYROID AXIS Running Head: RETINOIDS AND THYROID AXIS
Graeppi-Dulac, J. (2016)
Bexarotene Treatment for Mycosis Fungoides
Açıkgöz, G., Yeniay, Y., Çalışkan, E., & Kose, O. (2015) · Gulhane Medical Journal · doi:10.5455/gulhane.159145
The Emerging Role of Anticancer-Drugs-Bexarotene in a Clinical Trial of Alzheimer’s Dementia
Pathak, K. P. (2017) · Cancer therapy & Oncology International Journal · doi:10.19080/ctoij.2017.05.555664
Endokrine Folgen von Tumortherapien
Faßnacht, M., & Wortmann, S. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-24680-7.10074-1
Drug-Induced Central Hypothyroidism
Gigliotti, B. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84367-0_12
Retinoids
Dawson, M. I. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471266949.bmc065.pub2
Endocrine Complications and Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Yeung, S. J., & Gagel, R. F. (2022) · Holland‐Frei Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/9781119000822.hfcm139.pub2
Endocrine Complications of the Hematologic Disorders and of Their Treatment
Shinkov, A. D. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15717-2.00040-8
Comparative evaluation of the biological characteristics of a novel retinoid X receptor agonist and bexarotene
Tomita, K., Nakashima, K., Yamaguchi, E., Itoh, A., Tsutsumiuchi, K., & Inoue, M. (2025) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.molpha.2025.100057
Drug effects and thyroid function
Klose, M., Feldt‐Rasmussen, U., & Rasmussen, Å. K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13825-6.00300-9

Bexarotene-induced central hypothyroidism assessed by TRH stimulation test in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients
Toi, N., Kurajoh, M., Miyaoka, D., Nagata, Y., Yamada, S., Imanishi, Y., Hayashi, D., Tateishi, C., Inaba, M., Tsuruta, D., et al. (2021) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0313 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Recommendations for Central Hypothyroidism Associated with Bexarotene Therapy for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Sherman, S. I. (2003) · Clinical Lymphoma · doi:10.3816/clm.2003.n.006 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bexarotene-induced hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia; a nation-wide study
Manaka, K., Sato, J., Hikima, Y., Horikoshi, H., Taguchi, M., Morita, A., Suga, H., Boki, H., Fujimura, T., Hirai, Y., et al. (2024) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej23-0699 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mechanism of Selective Retinoid X Receptor Agonist-Induced Hypothyroidism in the Rat
Liu, S., Ogilvie, K. M., Klausing, K., Lawson, M. A., Jolley, D., Li, D., Bilakovics, J. M., Pascual, B., Hein, N., Urcan, M. S., et al. (2002) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.143.8.8930 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Single-Dose Rexinoid Rapidly and Specifically Suppresses Serum Thyrotropin in Normal Subjects
Golden, W. M., Weber, K. B., Hernandez, T. L., Sherman, S. I., Woodmansee, W. W., & Haugen, B. R. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0696 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Authors: Smit, J. W. A., Stokkel, M. P. M., Pereira, A. M., Romijn, J. A., & Visser, T. J.
Affiliations: Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
Erasmus MC (NL)
Corresponding author: Visser, Theo J.
ORCID: Smit, Johannes W. A.
Stokkel, Marcel P. M.
Pereira, Alberto M.
Romijn, Johannes A.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2007-07-01
Volume: 92
Issue: 7
Pages: 2496-2499
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-2822
OpenAlex: W1965266307
Cited by: 59
References: 22
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 2.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Keywords: bexarotene, hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone metabolism, reverse T3, T3/T4 ratio, thyroid hormone binding, retinoid X receptor agonist, differentiated thyroid cancer, lung metastasis, recombinant human TSH
MeSH terms: Bexarotene, Aged, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Female, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Tetrahydronaphthalenes, Thyroid Hormones, Thyroid Neoplasms, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Anticarcinogenic Agents, Retinoid X Receptors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Bexarotene-induced hypothyroidism: Bexarotene stimulates the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks