The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Differential Sensitivity of Men and Women to Anorexigenic and Memory-Improving Effects of Intranasal Insulin
Abstract
CONTEXT: Brain insulin is critically involved in the regulation of body weight and memory processing. Long-term administration of intranasal insulin reduces body weight in men, but not in women, while improving hippocampus-dependent memory processing in both genders. OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to assess the effects of a single dose of intranasal insulin on food intake and memory function in men and women, and to determine any gender differences. METHODS: A total of 32 healthy, normal-weight subjects (14 men, 18 women) were intranasally administered 160 IU regular human insulin or vehicle before performing a hippocampus-dependent two-dimensional-object location task, a working memory task (digit span), and a hippocampus-independent mirror tracing task. Subsequently, food intake from an ad libitum breakfast buffet was measured. RESULTS: Insulin treatment decreased food intake in men but not in women (difference to placebo condition, men: -192.57 +/- 78.48 kcal, P < 0.03; women: 18.54 +/- 42.89 kcal, P > 0.67). In contrast, hippocampus-dependent memory and working memory were improved in women (P < 0.03, P < 0.05, respectively), whereas men did not benefit from acute insulin treatment (P > 0.17, P > 0.20). Performance on the hippocampus-independent mirror tracing task was not affected by insulin in women or men. CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with animal data, results indicate that men are more sensitive than women to the acute anorexigenic effect of central nervous insulin signaling, whereas insulin's beneficial effect on hippocampus-dependent memory functions is more pronounced in women. Our findings provide support for the notion of a fundamental gender difference in central nervous insulin signaling that pertains to the regulation of energy homeostasis and memory functions.
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In line with these findings, intranasal insulin delivery to the human brain reduced food intake in lean men but not in women24.”
From Brain insulin action on peripheral insulin sensitivity in women depends on menstrual cycle phase (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Of note, experimental studies suggest considerable sex differences in brain insulin sensitivity.”
From Brain insulin action on peripheral insulin sensitivity in women depends on menstrual cycle phase (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“This procedure has been repeatedly shown to enable the precise assessment of primarily hunger-driven food intake in the fasted state (20–22).”
From Oxytocin Reduces Reward-Driven Food Intake in Humans (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“simple nasal atomisers, 37 which have been proven to reliably trigger functional effects in healthy humans”
From Intranasal insulin (2021) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“fasted men ate less after IN insulin (160 IU) compared to placebo administration, whereas women consumed similar amounts of food from the breakfast buffet on offer in both conditions.”
From Intranasal insulin (2021) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“suggesting that delivery schedules synced to food intake 39,42,44,47 might be necessary for the catabolic impact of IN insulin to emerge.”
From Intranasal insulin (2021) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“The improving effect of IN insulin on memory function has been demonstrated in studies in healthy humans, [38][39][40]45,72 as well as individuals with memory impairments.[74][75][76][104][105][106][107]”
From Intranasal insulin (2021) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“women, but not men, improved their performance on declarative and working memory tasks after receiving 160 IU of insulin vs. placebo.39”
From Intranasal insulin (2021) · cites this paper as [39]
Citations
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Squire, L. R., & Zola, S. M. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13515 · Cited by 1,327
Insulin receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system of the rat
Havránková, J., Roth, J., & Brownstein, M. (1978) · Nature · doi:10.1038/272827a0 · Cited by 1,116
Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons
Woods, S. C., Lotter, E. C., McKay, L. D., & Porte, D. (1979) · Nature · doi:10.1038/282503a0 · Cited by 1,114
Obesity in middle age and future risk of dementia: a 27 year longitudinal population based study
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Intranasal insulin improves cognition and modulates β-amyloid in early AD
Reger, M. A., Watson, G. S., Green, P. S., Wilkinson, C. W., Baker, L. D., Cholerton, B., Fishel, M. A., Plymate, S. R., Breitner, J. C. S., DeGroodt, W., et al. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000265401.62434.36 · Cited by 830
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance
Petersen, M. C., & Shulman, G. I. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00063.2017 · Cited by 3,028
“A major function of insulin in the brain is the suppression of appetite (48, 912).”
BackgroundBrain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: concepts and conundrums
Arnold, S. E., Arvanitakis, Z., Macauley-Rambach, S. L., Koenig, A. M., Wang, H.-Y., Ahima, R. S., Craft, S., Gandy, S., Buettner, C., Stoeckel, L. E., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.185 · Cited by 1,597
Intranasal delivery of biologics to the central nervous system
Lochhead, J. J., & Thorne, R. G. (2012) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2011.11.002 · Cited by 1,214
“In men, IN insulin decreased food intake, enhanced postprandial thermogenesis, and decreased postprandial serum insulin [143,144].”
BackgroundKellar, D., & Craft, S. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30231-3 · Cited by 832
Evaluation of intranasal delivery route of drug administration for brain targeting
Erdő, F., Bors, L. A., Farkas, D., Bajza, Á., & Gizurarson, S. S. (2018) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.009 · Cited by 773
Metadata
- Authors
- Benedict, C., Kern, W., Schultes, B., Born, J., & Hallschmid, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Kantonsspital St. Gallen (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Benedict, Christian
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1339-1344
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2046140771
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 5.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- 10th European Congress of Endocrinology
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- intranasal insulin, sex differences, dietary intake, anorectic effect, hippocampal-dependent memory, working memory, mirror tracing, energy homeostasis, memory enhancement
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Blood Glucose, Eating, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Insulin, Male, Memory, Sex Characteristics, Signal Transduction
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