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Cited by 227Regulation of Appetite and ObesityNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

Oxytocin Reduces Reward-Driven Food Intake in Humans

Open access
Ott, Volker, Finlayson, Graham, Lehnert, Hendrik, Heitmann, Birte, Heinrichs, Markus, Born, Jan, Hallschmid, Manfred·2013·Diabetes
DOI 10.2337/db13-0663PMC PMC3781467
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Abstract

Experiments in animals suggest that the neuropeptide oxytocin acts as an anorexigenic signal in the central nervous control of food intake. In humans, however, research has almost exclusively focused on the involvement of oxytocin in the regulation of social behavior. We investigated the effect of intranasal oxytocin on ingestion and metabolic function in healthy men. Food intake in the fasted state was examined 45 min after neuropeptide administration, followed by the assessment of olfaction and reward-driven snack intake in the absence of hunger. Energy expenditure was registered by indirect calorimetry, and blood was repeatedly sampled to determine concentrations of blood glucose and hormones. Oxytocin markedly reduced snack consumption, restraining, in particular, the intake of chocolate cookies by 25%. Oxytocin, moreover, attenuated basal and postprandial levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol and curbed the meal-related rise in plasma glucose. Energy expenditure and hunger-driven food intake as well as olfactory function were not affected. Our results indicate that oxytocin, beyond its role in social bonding, regulates nonhomeostatic, reward-related energy intake, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and the glucoregulatory response to food intake in humans. These effects can be assumed to converge with the psychosocial function of oxytocin and imply possible applications in the treatment of metabolic disorders.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

Intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) in healthy men reduced reward-driven snack intake, especially chocolate cookies, without affecting hunger-driven buffet intake or energy expenditure. It also suppressed HPA-axis activity and blunted the postprandial glucose peak.

Key findings

  • Oxytocin did not affect fasted breakfast-buffet intake or macronutrient proportions (all P > 0.6), but reduced total snack intake in the postprandial period (F1,19 = 5.5, P < 0.03), driven by a 25% decrease in chocolate cookie consumption (P < 0.01).
  • Oxytocin reduced serum ACTH (F1,18 = 4.67, P < 0.05), plasma cortisol (F1,18 = 5.15, P < 0.04), and preprandial norepinephrine (F1,19 = 5.41, P = 0.03); cortisol reduction correlated with reduced chocolate cookie intake (r = 0.56, P = 0.012).
  • The peak plasma glucose response to breakfast was reduced by 0.57 mmol/L after oxytocin vs placebo (P < 0.02), while insulin, C-peptide, total/active GLP-1, ghrelin, leptin, growth hormone, energy expenditure, olfaction, and experimenter trustworthiness were not significantly affected.

Methods

  • Double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over within-subject study in 20 healthy, nonsmoking men (aged 26.3 ± 0.89 years; BMI 22.66 ± 0.36 kg/m²), with sessions at least 10 days apart.
  • Participants received intranasal oxytocin (24 IU; six 0.1-mL puffs) or vehicle, then ate ad libitum from a breakfast buffet 45 min later; snack intake was covertly measured 100 min after the buffet under a taste-rating pretext.
  • Analyses used ANOVA with within-subject factors treatment, time, nutrient, and snack type, Greenhouse-Geisser correction, pairwise t tests, baseline adjustment, and ANCOVA for snack intake and glucose peak adjusted for breakfast calorie/carbohydrate intake; P < 0.05 was significant.

Limitations

  • The paper does not include a dedicated limitations section. Evident from the text: the sample was small (n = 20), male, healthy, and normal-weight, so findings may not generalize to women, obese individuals, or clinical populations.
  • Evident from the text: only acute effects of a single 24 IU intranasal dose were tested; long-term effects, weight outcomes, and mechanisms (e.g., VTA/nucleus accumbens dopamine signaling) remain speculative and require corroboration.
  • Evident from the text: snack intake was assessed under a taste-test pretext, although the authors report checks for demand characteristics and experimenter trustworthiness.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/db13-0663

Cites

54 of 54 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 52 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Oxytocin did not alter hunger ratings.

    “hunger ratings (P > 0.2, two-sided t test for baseline values; Fig. 2A) were not altered by oxytocin (P > 0.9)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Oxytocin administration did not affect food intake from the breakfast buffet in the fasted state.

    “Oxytocin administration did not affect food intake from the breakfast buffet in the fasted state.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Energy expenditure was comparable between placebo and oxytocin conditions during the entire experimental period.

    “Energy expenditure assessed by indirect calorimetry was comparable between the placebo and the oxytocin condition during the entire experimental period (F1,19 = 2.12, P > 0.16 for treatment × time; F1,19 = 0.10, P > 0.75 for treatment)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The anorexigenic effect of oxytocin emerged during the postprandial period.

    “The anorexigenic effect of oxytocin emerged during the postprandial period, when reward-driven eating motivation prevails, whereas energy intake in the fasted state was not affected.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Oxytocin reduced chocolate cookie consumption by 25%.

    “that was driven by a decrease in chocolate cookie consumption by 25% (P < 0.01, two-sided t test; Fig. 2C and Table 4).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 15
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 20
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Overall food consumption and the proportion of ingested macronutrients were nearly identical between oxytocin and placebo conditions.

    “Overall food consumption and the proportion of ingested macronutrients were nearly identical between conditions (all P > 0.6; Table 3).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Total plasma ghrelin concentrations were suppressed by breakfast intake without significant treatment effects.

    “Total plasma concentrations of ghrelin were suppressed by breakfast intake (F2,29 = 31.62, P < 0.0001 for time), without significant treatment effects (P > 0.95; Fig. 3E).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Circulating concentrations of growth hormone and active GLP-1 were comparable between conditions.

    “Circulating concentrations of growth hormone and active GLP-1 (i.e., the intact form of GLP-1) were likewise comparable between conditions (all P > 0.14).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Leptin concentrations did not differ between conditions across the whole experimental period.

    “Leptin concentrations did not differ between conditions across the whole experimental period (P > 0.38)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Serum leptin levels increased by ∼28% 15 min after breakfast compared with preprandial levels.

    “Conversely, 15 min after breakfast, serum leptin levels were increased by ∼28% compared with preprandial levels (F4,80 = 28.98, P < 0.0001 for time; Fig. 3F).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Oxytocin had no effect on olfactory perceptual thresholds, discrimination, or identification.

    “In the olfactory task, no treatment effects on perceptual thresholds (P > 0.4), olfactory discrimination (P > 0.6), and olfactory identification (P > 0.2) emerged”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Thirst ratings and self-rated mood were unaffected by oxytocin.

    “Thirst ratings and self-rated mood were likewise unaffected by oxytocin (P > 0.12 for all comparisons).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Oxytocin did not affect levels of insulin, C-peptide, or total GLP-1.

    “Although levels of insulin, C-peptide, and total GLP-1 were not affected by oxytocin administration (all P > 0.16)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Oxytocin administration did not affect the perceived trustworthiness of the experimenter.

    “oxytocin administration did not affect the trustworthiness of the experimenter as perceived by the participants (P > 0.6).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Oxytocin slightly increased rated palatability of rice waffles.

    “and even slightly increased rated palatability of rice waffles (P < 0.05; Table 4).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    There was a trend toward reduced preprandial leptin concentrations after oxytocin administration.

    “although there was a trend toward reduced preprandial leptin concentrations after oxytocin administration (F1,19 = 3.39, P = 0.08 for treatment).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Sweetness and saltiness ratings were highest for chocolate cookies and salt crackers, respectively.

    “Also, sweetness and saltiness ratings were highest for chocolate cookies and salt crackers, respectively (F2,31 = 342.28, P < 0.0001; and F2,36 = 112.18, P < 0.0001, for snack type).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingown data

    The anorexigenic impact of oxytocin selectively concerned the consumption of palatable snacks.

    “Considering that the anorexigenic impact of oxytocin selectively concerned the consumption of palatable snacks, it might rather be speculated that oxytocin acted on receptors expressed in the brain reward circuit, such as in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (33,34), that contribute to the regulation of palatable food intake (19).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Subjective ratings of chocolate and salty snacks differed in sweetness and saltiness but not palatability.

    “Nevertheless, subjective ratings of chocolate and salty snacks differed in sweetness and saltiness but not palatability, suggesting that oxytocin specifically dampens the motivation to consume sweet-tasting food.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Oxytocin did not affect circulating concentrations of ghrelin and GLP-1 and induced merely nonsignificant changes in leptin.

    “Also in our experiments, oxytocin did not affect the circulating concentrations of ghrelin and GLP-1 and induced merely nonsignificant changes in leptin, hormones known to affect energy expenditure and energy homeostasis (51).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    In rodent studies, oxytocin affects energy expenditure.

    “evidence from rodent studies indicates that the neuropeptide acts as a strong inhibitor of food intake and affects energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis (6–9).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 4 sources checked
    • cites [6] Arletti, 1989, Influence of oxytocin on feeding behavior in the rat, Peptides source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [7] Morton, 2012, Peripheral oxytocin suppresses food intake and causes weight loss in diet-induced obese rats, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [8] Olson, 1991, Oxytocin and an oxytocin agonist administered centrally decrease food intake in rats, Peptides source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [9] Wu, 2012, An obligate role of oxytocin neurons in diet induced energy expenditure, PLoS ONE source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Intranasal oxytocin administration reliably modulates neuropsychological functions in humans in the absence of relevant side effects.

    “intranasal oxytocin administration has been shown to reliably modulate neuropsychological functions in a series of studies (2–5) in the absence of relevant side effects (16).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked
    • cites [2] Burri, 2008, The acute effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on endocrine and sexual function in males, Psychoneuroendocrinology source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [3] Domes, 2007, Oxytocin attenuates amygdala responses to emotional faces regardless of valence, Biol Psychiatry source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [4] Gamer, 2010, Different amygdala subregions mediate valence-related and attentional effects of oxytocin in humans, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [5] Kosfeld, 2005, Oxytocin increases trust in humans, Nature source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [16] MacDonald, 2011, A review of safety, side-effects and subjective reactions to intranasal oxytocin in human research, Psychoneuroendocrinology source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The Sniffin' Sticks test kit allows separate characterization of olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification.

    “Olfactory function was tested 60 min after the test buffet with the validated Sniffin’ Sticks commercial test kit (Burghart Elektro- und Feinmechanik GmbH, Wedel, Germany) that allows for the separate characterization of the three dimensions of olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification (26).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [26] Hummel, 2007, Normative data for the “Sniffin’ Sticks” including tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds: an upgrade based on a group of more than 3,000 subjects, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The order of conditions was balanced across subjects.

    “The order of conditions was balanced across subjects, and the two sessions were spaced at least 10 days apart.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Snack intake was covertly measured by weighing the snacks before and after the test.

    “Snack intake was covertly measured by weighing the snacks before and after the test.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    Subjects were kept unaware of the hypothesized treatment effects on food intake.

    “Subjects were kept unaware of the hypothesized treatment effects on food intake and were informed that the experiments concerned the effect of oxytocin on taste preferences and energy expenditure.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Intranasal administration of peptides bypasses the blood-brain barrier and results in significant cerebrospinal fluid elevations in substance levels within 40 min without systemic infusion.

    “The direct manipulation of neuropeptidergic central nervous signaling pathways can be achieved via the intranasal administration of peptides, which is known to bypass the blood–brain barrier and result in significant cerebrospinal fluid elevations in substance levels within 40 min, without the need for systemic infusion (14,15).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [14] Born, 2002, Sniffing neuropeptides: a transnasal approach to the human brain, Nat Neurosci source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [15] Ott, 2012, Intranasal administration of insulin to the brain impacts cognitive function and peripheral metabolism, Diabetes Obes Metab source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Oxytocin reduces food intake in normal-weight rodents and in animals with diet-induced obesity.

    “Importantly, oxytocin reduces food intake not only in normal-weight rodents but also in animals with diet-induced obesity (8,12,13)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [8] Olson, 1991, Oxytocin and an oxytocin agonist administered centrally decrease food intake in rats, Peptides source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [12] Maejima, 2011, Peripheral oxytocin treatment ameliorates obesity by reducing food intake and visceral fat mass, Aging (Albany, NY Online)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [13] Zhang, 2011, Circadian intervention of obesity development via resting-stage feeding manipulation or oxytocin treatment, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The experiments were carried out in a double-blind, cross-over, within-subject comparison.

    “Experiments were carried out in a double-blind, cross-over, within-subject comparison.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Oxytocin inhibits feeding after intracerebroventricular injection in rodents.

    “Oxytocin has been shown in a number of experiments in rodents to inhibit feeding after intracerebroventricular injection (6,8).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [6] Arletti, 1989, Influence of oxytocin on feeding behavior in the rat, Peptides source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [8] Olson, 1991, Oxytocin and an oxytocin agonist administered centrally decrease food intake in rats, Peptides source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone triggers oxytocin release from supraoptic neurons.

    “Vice versa, α-melanocyte–stimulating hormone, a crucial player among the catabolic messengers, triggers oxytocin release from supraoptic neurons (31).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [31] Sabatier, 2003, Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulates oxytocin release from the dendrites of hypothalamic neurons while inhibiting oxytocin release from their terminals in the neurohypophysis, J Neurosci source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Peripheral administration of high oxytocin doses can mimic the feeding-inhibitory effect, supposedly by triggering hypothalamic oxytocin release in a feed-forward fashion.

    “This effect could be mimicked by the peripheral administration of high oxytocin doses that supposedly trigger hypothalamic oxytocin release in a feed-forward fashion (7,12).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [7] Morton, 2012, Peripheral oxytocin suppresses food intake and causes weight loss in diet-induced obese rats, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [12] Maejima, 2011, Peripheral oxytocin treatment ameliorates obesity by reducing food intake and visceral fat mass, Aging (Albany, NY Online)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Oxytocin enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity independent of its effects on body weight.

    “Although this conclusion is in need of corroboration in experiments focusing on glucose homeostasis, it is in line with findings that oxytocin enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity independent of its effects on body weight (7,50).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [7] Morton, 2012, Peripheral oxytocin suppresses food intake and causes weight loss in diet-induced obese rats, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [50] Deblon, 2011, Mechanisms of the anti-obesity effects of oxytocin in diet-induced obese rats, PLoS ONE source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Intranasal oxytocin administration increases plasma concentrations of oxytocin.

    “Although intranasal oxytocin administration has been previously found to increase plasma concentrations of the peptide (2), this pattern moreover argues against a peripheral mediation of the observed changes in ingestive behavior.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [2] Burri, 2008, The acute effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on endocrine and sexual function in males, Psychoneuroendocrinology source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Interpretationcitation

    Oxytocin acts on reward-processing brain circuits to suppress snack intake.

    “From a clinical perspective, the conclusion that oxytocin acts on reward-processing brain circuits to suppress snack intake is in line with observations in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome, who suffer from hyperphagic obesity due to insatiable food craving and have been reported to display a 40% reduction in the number and size of oxytocin neurons (40).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Oxytocin contributes to the regulation of energy expenditure on a long-term basis rather than exerting acute effects.

    “Against this background, our finding suggests that rather than exerting acute effects, oxytocin contributes to the regulation of energy expenditure on a long-term basis.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Central nervous oxytocin receptor antagonism triggers intake of sucrose but not fat.

    “The intake of sugar compared with an equicaloric fat solution induces a selective, twofold increase in hypothalamic oxytocinergic neuronal activity, whereas central nervous oxytocin receptor antagonism triggers the intake of sucrose but not fat (47).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [47] Olszewski, 2010, Molecular, immunohistochemical, and pharmacological evidence of oxytocin’s role as inhibitor of carbohydrate but not fat intake, Endocrinology source

      Not checked in the free run.

32 of 32

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The effect of intranasal oxytocin on energy metabolism, including ingestive behavior, has not been investigated in humans.

    “Surprisingly, however, the effect of intranasal oxytocin on energy metabolism, including ingestive behavior, has not been investigated in humans so far.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    In the postprandial period, reward-driven eating motivation prevails.

    “The anorexigenic effect of oxytocin emerged during the postprandial period, when reward-driven eating motivation prevails, whereas energy intake in the fasted state was not affected.”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Opioidergic/cannabinoid signaling processes the palatability of ingested nutrients.

    “Oxytocin did not affect the rated palatability of chocolate cookies, which might be taken as an indication that it acted on dopaminergic pathways responding to the incentive salience of food rather than opioidergic/cannabinoid signaling assumed to process the palatability of ingested nutrients (39).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Excessive reward-driven food intake, chronic HPA axis activation, and insulin resistance are key factors in the pathogenesis and maintenance of obesity.

    “Excessive reward-driven food intake, chronic HPA axis activation, and insulin resistance are key factors in the pathogenesis and maintenance of obesity.”
4 of 4

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Intranasal oxytocin administration improves appetite regulation in humans.

    “Notably, research indicates that intranasal oxytocin administration improves appetite regulation in humans47,48.”

    From Oxytocin pathway gene networks in the human brain (2019) · cites this paper as [48]

  • Ott et al. did not find an acute effect of intranasal oxytocin on caloric intake at a breakfast buffet in 20 healthy men.

    “An investigation by Ott et al. in 20 healthy men did not find an acute effect of intranasal oxytocin on caloric intake at a breakfast buffet.”

    From Oxytocin reduces caloric intake in men (2015) · cites this paper as [14]

  • Ott et al. demonstrated reduced postprandial consumption of a snack, particularly chocolate cookies, suggesting an effect on reward-driven feeding.

    “Although Ott’s study did not show an effect of oxytocin on breakfast intake, it did demonstrate reduced postprandial consumption of a snack, particularly chocolate cookies, suggesting an effect on reward-driven feeding(14).”

    From Oxytocin reduces caloric intake in men (2015) · cites this paper as [14]

  • Ott et al. showed that intranasal oxytocin reduced postprandial glucose but not insulin levels in healthy men.

    “Ott et al. showed that intranasal oxytocin reduced postprandial glucose but not insulin levels in healthy men(14).”

    From Oxytocin reduces caloric intake in men (2015) · cites this paper as [14]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Breakfast time differs between figure captions and methods

    Minor

    The figure captions place breakfast at 1000-1030 h, whereas the methods place it at 1030-1100 h. The stated 45-minute delay after administration at 0942 h also supports the later start.

  • ACTH and cortisol sample types are reversed

    Minor

    The results describe serum ACTH and plasma cortisol, but the Figure 2 caption identifies plasma ACTH and serum cortisol.

  • Norepinephrine result cites the leptin panel

    Minor

    The norepinephrine result cites Fig. 3F, but the Figure 3 caption identifies panel F as leptin. The Figure 2 caption identifies its panel F as norepinephrine.

3 of 3

Cites

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Related

Authors
Ott, V., Finlayson, G., Lehnert, H., Heitmann, B., Heinrichs, M., Born, J., & Hallschmid, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Lübeck (DE)
  • University of Leeds (GB)
  • University of Freiburg (DE)
  • Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • University of Tübingen (DE)
Corresponding author
Hallschmid, Manfred
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2013-09-17
Volume
62
Issue
10
Pages
3418-3425
ISSN
  • 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-327X
DOI
10.2337/db13-0663
PMC
PMC3781467
OpenAlex
W2138122742
Semantic Scholar
fc2067091934d4f3e214da26271f2291a30e1f3e
Cited by
226
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
FWCI
9.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
  • Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
  • FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
  • Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
Funders
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (114788)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords
oxytocin, dietary intake, snacking, chocolate cookies, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortisol, ACTH, energy expenditure, blood glucose, olfaction, hunger, anorexigenic peptides, metabolic disorders
MeSH terms
Administration, Intranasal, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Appetite Depressants, Blood Glucose, Calorimetry, Indirect, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Humans, Hunger, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Insulin, Male, Obesity, Oxytocics, Oxytocin, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Reward, Body Mass Index, Postprandial Period, Ghrelin, Snacks

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