The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Urine Steroid Metabolomics as a Biomarker Tool for Detecting Malignancy in Adrenal Tumors
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Adrenal tumors have a prevalence of around 2% in the general population. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare but accounts for 2-11% of incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Differentiating ACC from adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) represents a diagnostic challenge in patients with adrenal incidentalomas, with tumor size, imaging, and even histology all providing unsatisfactory predictive values. OBJECTIVE: Here we developed a novel steroid metabolomic approach, mass spectrometry-based steroid profiling followed by machine learning analysis, and examined its diagnostic value for the detection of adrenal malignancy. DESIGN: Quantification of 32 distinct adrenal derived steroids was carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in 24-h urine samples from 102 ACA patients (age range 19-84 yr) and 45 ACC patients (20-80 yr). Underlying diagnosis was ascertained by histology and metastasis in ACC and by clinical follow-up [median duration 52 (range 26-201) months] without evidence of metastasis in ACA. Steroid excretion data were subjected to generalized matrix learning vector quantization (GMLVQ) to identify the most discriminative steroids. RESULTS: Steroid profiling revealed a pattern of predominantly immature, early-stage steroidogenesis in ACC. GMLVQ analysis identified a subset of nine steroids that performed best in differentiating ACA from ACC. Receiver-operating characteristics analysis of GMLVQ results demonstrated sensitivity = specificity = 90% (area under the curve = 0.97) employing all 32 steroids and sensitivity = specificity = 88% (area under the curve = 0.96) when using only the nine most differentiating markers. CONCLUSIONS: Urine steroid metabolomics is a novel, highly sensitive, and specific biomarker tool for discriminating benign from malignant adrenal tumors, with obvious promise for the diagnostic work-up of patients with adrenal incidentalomas.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Adrenal steroid production and metabolism are affected by sex, age, and BMI (342,345,346).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“Twenty-four-hour urine steroid excretion analysis represents a more accurate estimate of total corticosteroid production and of adrenal precursor steroids and metabolites (342, 343) and therefore has significant potential in the assessment of adrenal diseases.”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“Twenty-four-hour urine steroid excretion analysis represents a more accurate estimate of total corticosteroid production and of adrenal precursor steroids and metabolites (342, 343) and therefore has significant potential in the assessment of adrenal diseases.”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“In particular, the cosecretion of a distinct combination of glucocorticoid and androgen metabolites is emerging as a sensitive diagnostic tool for ACC (342,348,349).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“The majority of ACC patients (69%) showed androgen precursor excess, either combined with increased excretion of glucocorticoid precursors (36%) or both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid precursors (33%).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“Using machine learning, the authors were able to identify that tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (THS), pregnenetriol (5-PT), and pregnenediol (5-PD) were the most discriminatory between ACC and ACA.”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“Urinary steroid profiling revealed distinct differences between adrenocortical adenomas and ACC patients (Fig. 10).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“There was no effect of age, sex, tumor size, or presence of metastasis on the characteristics of the urine steroid metabolomes in ACC and ACA patients.”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“Studies have shown that ACCs have a distinct pattern of urinary corticosteroids, characterized by an excess of precursor steroid metabolites (Fig. 10 (342)).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“Even when analyzing the ACC patients without evidence of hormone excess on routine biochemistry, urinary excretion of androgen, and glucocorticoid precursor metabolites remained significantly increased.”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“They reported that 27% of patients with ACC had no hormonal excess on routine biochemical testing.”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“By contrast, steroid precursor metabolite excretion in nonmalignant AI did not differ from healthy controls.”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“ACC patients had a significantly higher excretion of androgen precursor metabolites, metabolites of active androgens, deoxycorticosterone, and glucocorticoid precursor metabolites were significantly higher in ACC, as was free cortisol.”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“All studies identified THS as the most informative steroid marker indicative of ACC.”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [342]
In the citing paper
“Particularly, the reoccurrence of presurgical steroid profiles may raise concern of relapse (95).”
From Adrenocortical carcinoma (2014) · cites this paper as [95]
In the citing paper
“As an example, this approach has been used for automating differentiation of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) from benign adrenocortical tumors based on the detection of a “malignant steroid fingerprint”, a distinct set of urine steroid metabolites characteristically increased in ACC [348].”
From Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: a comprehensive review (2019) · cites this paper as [348]
In the citing paper
“The urinary steroid metabolome represents the total of all steroid biosynthetic and metabolising pathways and has proven to be a specific and sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis of steroidogenic disease (Arlt et al., 2011).”
From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Arlt et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“AST and ETIO are measured as representatives of active androgens, while DHEA and 16αOH-DHEA are measured as representatives of direct androgen precursors (Arlt et al., 2011, Krone et al., 2010).”
From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Arlt et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“The combination of mass spectrometry–based steroid profiling with machine learning–based data analysis has created a powerful discovery tool, steroid metabolomics, highly suited as a diagnostic biomarker approach (1–4).”
From Steroid Metabolome Analysis in Disorders of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“The combination of mass spectrometry–based steroid profiling with machine learning–driven analysis of the urinary steroid excretion data allowed for rapid detection of a “malignant steroid fingerprint” (Fig. 8E) (1) that can differentiate ACC from ACA with high sensitivity and specificity.”
From Steroid Metabolome Analysis in Disorders of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“The steroid biomarkers that are most helpful at distinguishing ACCs from ACAs include the glucocorticoid precursor metabolite THS, and the androgen precursor metabolites of Preg and 17OHPreg, 5PD, and 5PT (1).”
From Steroid Metabolome Analysis in Disorders of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, recent retrospective studies employing GC-MS–based urine steroid profiling revealed that ACCs present a unique steroidogenic “signature” characterized by accumulation of steroid hormone precursors (1, 154, 155) (Fig. 8E).”
From Steroid Metabolome Analysis in Disorders of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Isolated autonomous androgen excess from the adrenal gland can very rarely occur in the context of benign ACAs (1).”
From Steroid Metabolome Analysis in Disorders of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Routine serum biochemistry detects steroid hormone excess in 60% to 70% of ACC patients, with glucocorticoid and androgen excess dominating (1, 188); however, urine GC-MS profiling demonstrated steroid excess in >90% (1).”
From Steroid Metabolome Analysis in Disorders of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Routine serum biochemistry detects steroid hormone excess in 60% to 70% of ACC patients, with glucocorticoid and androgen excess dominating (1, 188); however, urine GC-MS profiling demonstrated steroid excess in >90% (1).”
From Steroid Metabolome Analysis in Disorders of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-27255-0_9 · Cited by 20,333
McCullagh, P., & Nelder, J. A. (1989) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3242-6 · Cited by 16,836
Kohonen, T. (1995) · Springer series in information sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56927-2 · Cited by 16,032
The Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass
Young, W. F. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp065470 · Cited by 1,090
Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma")
Grumbach, M. M., Biller, B. M. K., Braunstein, G. D., Campbell, K. K., Carney, J. A., Godley, P. A., Harris, E. L., Lee, J. K. T., Oertel, Y. C., Posner, M. C., et al. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-5-200303040-00013 · Cited by 945 · cited 4×
“The risk of malignancy increases with the diameter of the adrenal mass (1, 2, 8).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA Survey on Adrenal Incidentaloma in Italy
Mantero, F. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.2.637 · Cited by 907
Self-citationPathologic features of prognostic significance in adrenocortical carcinoma
Weiss, L. M., Medeiros, L. J., & Vickery, A. L. (1989) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/00000478-198903000-00004 · Cited by 818 · cited 2×
“a The Weiss system scores the presence or absence of nine histopathological features (Weiss score range 0–9); scores under 3 are indicative of a benign adrenal tumor, scores of 3 are borderline, and scores of 4 and above are indicative of malignancy (14).”
BackgroundThe clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management
Mansmann, G., Lau, J., Balk, E., Rothberg, M., Miyachi, Y., & Bornstein, S. R. (2004) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0031 · Cited by 781
Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Clinical Update
Allolio, B., & Fassnacht, M. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2639 · Cited by 775
Self-citationFassnacht, M., Johanssen, S., Quinkler, M., Bucsky, P., Willenberg, H. S., Beuschlein, F., Terzolo, M., Mueller, H., Hahner, S., Allolio, B., et al. (2009) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.24030 · Cited by 695
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Shackleton, 2011, GC/MS steroid profiling: diagnosis of disorders affecting steroid synthesis and metabolism, 789
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 458
Metabolomic Biomarkers in Urine of Cushing’s Syndrome Patients
Kotłowska, A., Puzyn, T., Sworczak, K., Stepnowski, P., & Szefer, P. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18020294 · Cited by 45
Diagnosis of a malignant adrenal mass: the role of urinary steroid metabolite profiling
Bancos, I., & Arlt, W. (2017) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000333 · Cited by 43
Self-citationThe Steroid Profile of Adrenal Incidentalomas: Subtyping Subjects With High Cardiovascular Risk
Dalmazi, G. D., Fanelli, F., Zavatta, G., Bitti, S. R., Mezzullo, M., Repaci, A., Pelusi, C., Gambineri, A., Altieri, P., Mosconi, C., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-00365 · Cited by 45
Diagnostic Accuracy of CT Texture Analysis in Adrenal Masses: A Systematic Review
Crimì, F., Quaia, E., Cabrelle, G., Zanon, C., Pepe, A., Regazzo, D., Tizianel, I., Scaroni, C., & Ceccato, F. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23020637 · Cited by 43
Developing treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma
Kerkhofs, T. M. A., Ettaieb, M. H. T., Hermsen, I. G. C., & Haak, H. R. (2015) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1530/erc-15-0318 · Cited by 41
Sigala, S., Bothou, C., Pentón, D., Abate, A., Peitzsch, M., Cosentini, D., Tiberio, G. A. M., Bornstein, S. R., Berruti, A., & Hantel, C. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11091439 · Cited by 41
Fabregat, A., Kotronoulas, A., Marcos, J., Joglar, J., Alfonso, I., Segura, J., Ventura, R., & Pozo, O. J. (2013) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2012.11.017 · Cited by 40
Steroid analysis by ion mobility spectrometry
Rister, A. L., & Dodds, E. D. (2019) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108531 · Cited by 40
Vogg, N., Kurlbaum, M., Deutschbein, T., Gräsl, B., Faßnacht, M., & Kroiß, M. (2021) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvab056 · Cited by 39
Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Current Therapeutic State-of-the-Art
Lebastchi, A. H., Kunstman, J. W., & Carling, T. (2012) · Journal of Oncology · doi:10.1155/2012/234726 · Cited by 39
Dogra, P., Šambula, L., Saini, J., Thangamuthu, K., Athimulam, S., Delivanis, D. A., Baikousi, D. A., Nathani, R., Zhang, C. D., Genere, N., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvad113 · Cited by 38
Stratakis, C. A. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.01.015 · Cited by 38
Surgical Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Datta, J., & Roses, R. E. (2015) · Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.soc.2015.08.011 · Cited by 38
Recent Updates on the Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas
Park, S. S., & Kim, J. H. (2023) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2023.1779 · Cited by 39
Performance measures for classification systems with rejection
Condessa, F., Bioucas‐Dias, J. M., & Kovačević, J. (2016) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2016.10.011 · Cited by 37
Calissendorff, J., Calissendorff, F. S., & Falhammar, H. (2016) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-016-0095-9 · Cited by 37
Optimal local rejection for classifiers
Fischer, L., Hammer, B., & Wersing, H. (2016) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2016.06.038 · Cited by 39
Gan, E. H., MacArthur, K., Mitchell, A. L., Hughes, B. A., Perros, P., Ball, S. G., James, R. A., Quinton, R., Chen, S., Furmaniak, J., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2449 · Cited by 36
Self-citationAdrenal cancer in neurofibromatosis type 1: case report and DNA analysis
Menon, R. K., Ferraù, F., Kurzawinski, T. R., Rumsby, G., Freeman, A., Amin, Z., Korbonits, M., & Chung, T. (2014) · Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Case Reports · doi:10.1530/edm-14-0074 · Cited by 36
Dalmazi, G. D., Quinkler, M. O., Deutschbein, T., Prehn, C. P., Rayes, N., Kroiß, M., Berr, C., Stalla, G. K., Faßnacht, M., Adamski, J., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-17-0109 · Cited by 39
Pediatric adrenocortical tumor – review and management update
Balderrama-Brondani, V., & Fragoso, M. C. B. V. (2020) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000540 · Cited by 35
Molecular Basis of Primary Aldosteronism and Adrenal Cushing Syndrome
Vaduva, P., Bonnet-Serrano, F., & Bertherat, J. Y. (2020) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaa075 · Cited by 35
Self-citationUpdate on Biology and Genomics of Adrenocortical Carcinomas: Rationale for Emerging Therapies
Lerário, A. M., Mohan, D. R., & Hammer, G. D. (2022) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnac012 · Cited by 36
Advances in translational research of the rare cancer type adrenocortical carcinoma
Ghosh, C., Hu, J., & Kebebew, E. (2023) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-023-00623-0 · Cited by 34
Castro, M. A., Valderrábano, P., Escobar-Morreale, H. F., Hanzu, F. A., & Casals, G. (2020) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-020-02544-6 · Cited by 34
Frequently asked questions and answers (if any) in patients with adrenal incidentaloma
Ceccato, F., Barbot, M., Scaroni, C. M., & Boscaro, M. (2021) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01615-3 · Cited by 35
How to Differentiate Benign from Malignant Adrenocortical Tumors?
Viëtor, C. L., Creemers, S. G., van Kemenade, F. J., van Ginhoven, T. M., Hofland, L. J., & Feelders, R. A. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13174383 · Cited by 33
Efficient rejection strategies for prototype-based classification
Fischer, L., Hammer, B., & Wersing, H. (2015) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2014.10.092 · Cited by 33
Distance Measures for Prototype Based Classification
Biehl, M. L., Hammer, B., & Villmann, T. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12084-3_9 · Cited by 33
Self-citationSteroidomics for Highlighting Novel Serum Biomarkers of Testosterone Doping
Ponzetto, F., Boccard, J., Nicoli, R., Kuuranne, T., Saugy, M., & Rudaz, S. L. (2019) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio-2019-0079 · Cited by 32
Adrenocortical carcinoma: a literature review
Thampi, A., Shah, E., Elshimy, G., & Correa, R. (2020) · Translational Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tcr.2019.12.28 · Cited by 32
Radiographic Characteristics of Adrenal Masses Preceding the Diagnosis of Adrenocortical Cancer
Nogueira, T. M., Lirov, R., Caoili, E. M., Lerário, A. M., Miller, B. S., Fragoso, M. C. B. V., Dunnick, N. R., Hammer, G. D., & Else, T. (2015) · Hormones and Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12672-015-0225-2 · Cited by 33
The use of mass spectrometry to improve the diagnosis and the management of the HPA axis
Monaghan, P. J., Keevil, B. G., & Trainer, P. J. (2013) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-013-9240-1 · Cited by 32
Corssmit, E. P. M., & Dekkers, O. M. (2019) · Current Opinion in Oncology · doi:10.1097/cco.0000000000000528 · Cited by 31
Perge, P., Decmann, Á., Pezzani, R., Bancos, I., Fassina, A., Luconi, M., Canu, L., Tóth, M., Boscaro, M., Patócs, A., et al. (2018) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-017-1506-z · Cited by 30
Sagmeister, M. S., TAYLOR, A. E. R., Fenton, A., Wall, N. A., Chanouzas, D., Nightingale, P., Ferro, C. J., Arlt, W., Cockwell, P., Hardy, R., et al. (2018) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13889 · Cited by 30
Self-citationBarnard, L., du Toit, T., & Swart, A. C. (2021) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2021.111189 · Cited by 30
Li, Y., Xiao, N., Liu, M., Liu, Y., He, A., Wang, L., Luo, H., Yao, Y., & Sun, H. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121730 · Cited by 30
Urinary glucocorticoid metabolites: biomarkers to classify adrenal incidentalomas?
Brossaud, J., Ducint, D., & Corcuff, J. (2015) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12717 · Cited by 30
Matrix relevance LVQ in steroid metabolomics based classification of adrenal tumors
Biehl, M. L., Schneider, P., Smith, D. J., Stiekema, H., TAYLOR, A. E. R., Hughes, B. A., Shackleton, C. H. L., Stewart, P. M., & Arlt, W. (2012) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 30
Self-citationMethylation of IGF2 regulatory regions to diagnose adrenocortical carcinomas
Creemers, S. G., van Koetsveld, P. M., van Kemenade, F. J., Papathomas, T. G., Franssen, G. J. H., Dogan, F., Eekhoff, E. M. W., van der Valk, P., de Herder, W. W., Janssen, J. A. M. J. L., et al. (2016) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1530/erc-16-0266 · Cited by 30
Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry offers advantages for urinary steroids analysis
Homer, N. Z. M., Kothiya, S., Rutter, A., Walker, B. R., & Andrew, R. (2017) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2017.09.002 · Cited by 29
de Jong, W. H. A., Buitenwerf, E., Pranger, A. T., Riphagen, I. J., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., Kerstens, M. N., & Kema, I. P. (2017) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2016-1072 · Cited by 29
Rivero, J. D., Gangi, A., Annes, J. P., Jasim, S., Keller, J., Lundholm, M. D., Silverstein, J. M., Vaghaiwalla, T. M., & Wermers, R. A. (2025) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2025.02.001 · Cited by 28
Serum steroid profiling by mass spectrometry in adrenocortical tumors: diagnostic implications
Fanelli, F., & Dalmazi, G. D. (2019) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000475 · Cited by 28
Genomics of benign adrenocortical tumors
Jouinot, A., Armignacco, R., & Assié, G. (2019) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105414 · Cited by 28
Mamoojee, Y. H., Ganguri, M., Taylor, N., & Quinton, R. (2017) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13492 · Cited by 28
Sun, N., Kunzke, T., Sbiera, S., Kircher, S., Feuchtinger, A., Aichler, M., Herterich, S., Ronchi, C. L., Weigand, I., Schlegel, N., et al. (2019) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2019.306043 · Cited by 28
Hannah‐Shmouni, F., Berthon, A. S., Faucz, F. R., Briceno, J. M., Maria, A. G., Demidowich, A. P., Peitzsch, M., Masjkur, J. R., Bonnet-Serrano, F., Vaczlavik, A., et al. (2020) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1530/erc-20-0102 · Cited by 28
Self-citationUrine steroid metabolomics as a diagnostic tool in primary aldosteronism
Prete, A., Lang, K., Pavlov, D., Rhayem, Y., Sitch, A. J., Franke, A. S., Gilligan, L. C., Shackleton, C. H. L., Hahner, S., Quinkler, M. O., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106445 · Cited by 27
Self-citationNonfunctioning Adrenal Incidentalomas are not Clinically Silent: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Kim, J. H., Kim, M. J., Lee, J. H., Yoon, J. W., & Shin, C. S. (2020) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2020-0182 · Cited by 27
A multidisciplinary approach to the management of adrenal incidentaloma
Voltan, G., Boscaro, M., Armanini, D., Scaroni, C. M., & Ceccato, F. (2021) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2021.1948327 · Cited by 27
Moolla, A., de Boer, J., Pavlov, D., Amin, A., TAYLOR, A. E. R., Gilligan, L. C., Hughes, B. A., Ryan, J. D., Barnes, E. J., Hassan-Smith, Z. K., et al. (2020) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.15710 · Cited by 27
Self-citationImproving Outcomes in Adrenocortical Cancer: An Australian Perspective
Ip, J. C. Y., Pang, T., Glover, A. R., Soon, P. S. H., Clarke, S. J., Richardson, A. J., Campbell, P. R., Robinson, B. G., & Sidhu, S. B. (2014) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-014-4133-4 · Cited by 26
Tian, H., Bai, J., An, Z., Chen, Y., Zhang, R., He, J., Bi, X., Song, Y., & Abliz, Z. (2013) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.6666 · Cited by 26
Serum steroid profiling in Cushing’s syndrome patients
Hána, V., Ježková, J., Kosák, M., Kršek, M., Hána, V., & Hill, M. (2019) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105410 · Cited by 26
Suzuki, S., Minamidate, T., Shiga, A., Ruike, Y., Ishiwata, K., Naito, K., Ishida, A., Deguchi, H., Fujimoto, M., Koide, H., et al. (2020) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-020-00652-y · Cited by 26
Unique and Novel Urinary Metabolomic Features in Malignant versus Benign Adrenal Neoplasms
Patel, D., Thompson, M. D., Manna, S. K., Krausz, K. W., Zhang, L., Nilubol, N., Gonzalez, F. J., & Kebebew, E. (2017) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3156 · Cited by 26
Barnard, L., Nikolaou, N., Louw, C., Schiffer, L., Gibson, H., Gilligan, L. C., Gangitano, E., Snoep, J., Arlt, W., Tomlinson, J. W., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105724 · Cited by 25
Self-citationNapier, C., Gan, E. H., Mitchell, A. L., Gilligan, L. C., Rees, A., Moran, C., Chatterjee, K., Vaidya, B., James, R. A., Mamoojee, Y. H., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz287 · Cited by 24
Self-citationCircadian rhythm disruption and endocrine-related tumors
Savvidis, C., Kallistrou, E., Kouroglou, E., Dionysopoulou, S., Gavriiloglou, G., Ragia, D., Tsiama, V., Proikaki, S., Belis, K., & Ilias, Ι. (2024) · World Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.5306/wjco.v15.i7.818 · Cited by 24
LINEAR TIME RELATIONAL PROTOTYPE BASED LEARNING
Gisbrecht, A., Mokbel, B., Schleif, F.-M., Zhu, X., & Hammer, B. (2012) · International Journal of Neural Systems · doi:10.1142/s0129065712500219 · Cited by 23
Rister, A. L., Martin, T. L., & Dodds, E. D. (2019) · Journal of Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/jms.4350 · Cited by 23
Rister, A. L., & Dodds, E. D. (2019) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121941 · Cited by 23
Metabolic Subtyping of Adrenal Tumors: Prospective Multi-Center Cohort Study in Korea
Ku, E. J., Lee, C., Shim, J., Lee, S., Kim, K., Kim, S. W., Rhee, Y., Kim, H., Lim, J. S., Chung, C. H., et al. (2021) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2021.1149 · Cited by 22
Surgical Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Ranvier, G. G. F., & Inabnet, W. B. (2015) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.008 · Cited by 22
Wu, Q., Lai, X., Zhu, Z., Hong, Z., Dong, X. W., Wang, T., Wang, H., Lou, Z., Lin, Q., Guo, Z., et al. (2015) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000001273 · Cited by 22
Median variants of learning vector quantization for learning of dissimilarity data
Nebel, D., Hammer, B., Frohberg, K., & Villmann, T. (2015) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2014.12.096 · Cited by 22
Disorganized Steroidogenesis in Adrenocortical Carcinoma, a Case Study
Uchida, T., Nishimoto, K., Fukumura, Y., Asahina, M., Goto, H., Kawano, Y., Shimizu, F., Tsujimura, A., Seki, T., Mukai, K., et al. (2016) · Endocrine Pathology · doi:10.1007/s12022-016-9441-8 · Cited by 22
Vogg, N., Müller, T., Floren, A., Dandekar, T., Riester, A., Dischinger, U., Kurlbaum, M., Kroiß, M., & Faßnacht, M. (2023) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2023.117301 · Cited by 21
Selectivity of osilodrostat as an inhibitor of human steroidogenic cytochromes P450
Valentín-Goyco, J., Liu, J., Peng, H., Oommen, J., & Auchus, R. J. (2023) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106316 · Cited by 21
Hána, V., Ježková, J., Kršek, M., Kršek, M., Hána, V., & Hill, M. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-01926 · Cited by 21
A Machine Learning Approach for the Automated Interpretation of Plasma Amino Acid Profiles
Wilkes, E. H., Emmett, E. C., Beltran, L., Woodward, G., & Carling, R. S. (2020) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvaa134 · Cited by 21
Genetics of adrenocortical tumours
Åkerström, T., Carling, T., Beuschlein, F., & Hellman, P. (2016) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12452 · Cited by 20
An application of generalized matrix learning vector quantization in neuroimaging
van Veen, R., Gurvits, V., Kogan, R. V., Meles, S. K., de Vries, G.-J., Renken, R. J., Rodríguez‐Oroz, M., Rodríguez‐Rojas, R., Arnaldi, D., Raffa, S., et al. (2020) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105708 · Cited by 20
Self-citationCastro, M. A. (2022) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14745 · Cited by 20
Maiter, D. M., Bex, M., Vroonen, L., T'Sjoen, G. G., Gil, T., Banh, C., & Chadarévian, R. (2016) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2016.02.005 · Cited by 20
New insights and future perspectives in the therapeutic strategy of adrenocortical carcinoma
Stigliano, A., Cerquetti, L., Lardo, P., Petrangeli, E., & Toscano, V. (2017) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2017.5427 · Cited by 20
Honour, J. W., Conway, E., Hodkinson, R., & Lam, F. (2018) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.02.013 · Cited by 20
Delineating endogenous Cushing’s syndrome by GC-MS urinary steroid metabotyping
Braun, L., Oßwald, A., Zopp, S., Rubinstein, G., Vogel, F., Riester, A., Honegger, J. B., Eisenhofer, G., Constantinescu, G. A., Deutschbein, T., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104907 · Cited by 19
Rak kory nadnercza (ACC) — przegląd piśmiennictwa i doświadczenia własne
Dorota Dworakowska, B., Drabarek, A., Wenzel, I., Babińska, A., Świątkowska−Stodulska, R., & Sworczak, K. (2015) · Endokrynologia Polska · doi:10.5603/ep.2014.0069 · Cited by 19
Łebek-Szatańska, A., Nowak, K. M., Zgliczyński, W., Baum, E., Żyłka, A., & Papierska, L. (2019) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018819825541 · Cited by 19
Steroid Sulfation in Adrenal Tumors
Mueller, J. W., Vogg, N., Lightning, T. A., Weigand, I., Ronchi, C. L., Foster, P., & Kroiß, M. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab182 · Cited by 19
Large margin linear discriminative visualization by Matrix Relevance Learning
Biehl, M. L., Bunte, K., Schleif, F.-M., Schneider, P., & Villmann, T. (2012) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252627 · Cited by 19
Self-citationThe Landmark Series: Evaluation and Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas
Owei, L., & Wachtel, H. (2025) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-025-17296-8 · Cited by 18
Amante, E., Salomone, A., Alladio, E., Vincenti, M., Porpiglia, F., & Bro, R. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24173063 · Cited by 18
Rossi, C., Cicalini, I., Verrocchio, S., Dalmazi, G. D., Federici, L., & Bucci, I. (2020) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines8090314 · Cited by 21
Cheng, Y., Kou, W., Zhu, D., Yu, X., & Zhu, Y. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.811293 · Cited by 18
Efficient approximations of robust soft learning vector quantization for non-vectorial data
Hofmann, D., Gisbrecht, A., & Hammer, B. (2014) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2013.11.044 · Cited by 18
Chagpar, R., SIPERSTEIN, A. E., & Berber, E. (2014) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.suc.2014.02.009 · Cited by 18
Management of incidental adrenal tumours
Hanna, F., Issa, B. G., Sim, J., Keevil, B. G., & Fryer, A. A. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j5674 · Cited by 19
Approach to the Patient with Subclinical Cushing’s Syndrome
Ivović, M., Marina, L., Šojat, A. S., Tančić‐Gajić, M., Arizanović, Z., Kendereški, A., & Vujović, S. (2020) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612826666200813134328 · Cited by 18
Hobo, Y., Nishikawa, J., Miyashiro, Y., & Fujikata, A. (2020) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108732 · Cited by 18
Review of Diagnostic Modalities for Adrenal Incidentaloma
Okrój, D., Rzepecka, A., Kłosowski, P., Babińska, A., & Sworczak, K. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12113739 · Cited by 17
Cellular landscape of adrenocortical carcinoma at single-nuclei resolution
Tourigny, D. S., Altieri, B., Secener, K., Sbiera, S., Schauer, M. P., Arampatzi, P., Herterich, S., Sauer, S., Faßnacht, M., & Ronchi, C. L. (2024) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2024.112272 · Cited by 18
Anh, N. H., Long, N. P., Kim, S. J., Min, J. E., Yoon, S. J., Kim, H. M., Yang, E., Hwang, E. S., Park, J. H., Hong, S., et al. (2019) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo9100199 · Cited by 17
Incomplete Pattern of Steroidogenic Protein Expression in Functioning Adrenocortical Carcinomas
Pereira, S. S., Costa, M. M., Gómez-Sánchez, C. E., Monteiro, M. P., & Pignatelli, D. (2020) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines8080256 · Cited by 17
Sherlock, M., Behan, L., Hannon, M. J., Alonso, A. A., Thompson, C. J., Murray, R. D., Crabtree, N. J., Hughes, B. A., Arlt, W., Agha, A., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-15-0490 · Cited by 19
Self-citationMetabolomics—A Tool to Find Metabolism of Endocrine Cancer
Abooshahab, R., Ardalani, H., Zarkesh, M., Hooshmand, K., Bakhshi, A., Dass, C. R., & Hedayati, M. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12111154 · Cited by 16
Antonini, S. R. R., Leal, L. F., & Cavalcanti, M. M. (2014) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/17446651.2014.941813 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Arlt, W., Biehl, M., Taylor, A. E., Hahner, S., Libé, R., Hughes, B. A., Schneider, P., Smith, D. J., Stiekema, H., Krone, N., Porfiri, E., Opocher, G., Bertherat, J., Mantero, F., Allolio, B., Terzolo, M., Nightingale, P., Shackleton, C. H. L., Bertagna, X., Fassnacht, M., & Stewart, P. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Inserm (FR)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Department of Endocrinology (R.L., J.B., X.B.), INCa-COMETE, Cochin Hospital, Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1016, René Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France
- University of Turin (IT)
- National Health Service (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Arlt, Wiebke
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2011-12-01
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3775-3784
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC3232629
- OpenAlex
- W1991016861
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 22.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0508-10356)
- European Commission (259735)
- European Science Foundation
- Medical Research Council (G0801473)
- European Social Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- adrenocortical carcinoma, adrenal adenoma, adrenal incidentaloma, steroid profiling, machine learning biomarkers, benign versus malignant differentiation
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mass Spectrometry, Biomarkers, Adrenocortical Adenoma, Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Metabolomics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
