Diurnal Variation in Insulin Sensitivity of Glucose Metabolism Is Associated With Diurnal Variations in Whole-Body and Cellular Fatty Acid Metabolism in Metabolically Normal Women
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: The mechanism(s) responsible for diurnal variations in insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism in healthy people are unclear. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether diurnal variations in whole-body and cellular fatty acid metabolism could contribute to evening insulin resistance in metabolically normal people. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: We measured plasma the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, palmitate kinetics, and skeletal muscle expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism at breakfast (7:00 am) and dinner (7:00 pm) in 13 overweight (body mass index 27.8 ± 1.2 kg/m(2)) but metabolically normal, women. RESULTS: Plasma FFA concentration was approximately 30% greater just before consuming dinner than breakfast (P < .05) and remained greater after dinner than breakfast (FFA areas under the curve: 0.88 ± 0.33 and 0.51 ± 0.09 μmol/mL × 4 h, P = .001). However, adipose tissue lipolytic activity was not different in the evening and in the morning. Skeletal muscle expression of genes that regulate fatty acid oxidation were 38-82% lower, whereas genes involved in de novo lipogenesis were 51%-87 % higher before dinner than before breakfast (all P < .05), and these changes were associated with diurnal variation in the muscle expression of core clock genes that regulate fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSION: Metabolically normal women demonstrate diurnal variations in fatty acid metabolism, manifested by an increase in circulating FFAs, presumably derived from previous meal consumption rather than lipolysis of adipose tissue triglycerides, and a shift in muscle fatty acid metabolism from oxidation to lipogenesis. These metabolic alterations could be responsible for the known evening decline in insulin sensitivity.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Acute rises in circulating NEFA in healthy people cause or are linked to insulin resistance.
“Acute elevation in circulating NEFA levels in healthy individuals has been linked to insulin resistance in multiple investigations [10–13].”
From Sleep restriction increases free fatty acids in healthy men (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Grundy, S. M., Becker, D. M., Clark, L. T., Cooper, R., Denke, M. A., Howard, J. L., Hunninghake, D. B., Illingworth, D. R., Luepker, R. V., McBride, P. E., et al. (2002) · Civil War Book Review · Cited by 12,198 · see citing works
Mechanism of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in humans.
Roden, M., Price, T. B., Perseghin, G., Petersen, K. F., Rothman, D. L., Cline, G. W., & Shulman, G. I. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118742 · Cited by 1,539 · see citing works
Insulin sensitivity: Modulation by nutrients and inflammation
Schenk, S., Saberi, M., & Olefsky, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci34260 · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
Circadian Rhythms and Metabolic Syndrome
Maury, E., Ramsey, K. M., & Bass, J. T. (2010) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.109.208355 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism are controlled by the intrinsic muscle clock
Dyar, K. A., Ciciliot, S., Wright, L. E., Biensø, R. S., Tagliazucchi, G. M., Patel, V. R., Forcato, M., Paz, M. I. P., Gudiksen, A., Solagna, F., et al. (2014) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2013.10.005 · Cited by 454 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, the morning-to-evening direction of the variation in muscle clock gene expression in people is opposite from the direction observed in nocturnal mice (17, 19, 20).”
BackgroundYoshino, J., Conte, C., Fontana, L., Mittendorfer, B., Imai, S., Schechtman, K. B., Gu, C. C., Kunz, I., Fanelli, F. R., Patterson, B. W., et al. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.09.015 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentification of the circadian transcriptome in adult mouse skeletal muscle
McCarthy, J. J., Andrews, J. L., McDearmon, E. L., Campbell, K. S., Barber, B. K., Miller, B. H., Walker, J. R., Hogenesch, J. B., Takahashi, J. S., & Esser, K. A. (2007) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00066.2007 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Diurnal pattern to insulin secretion and insulin action in healthy individuals
Saad, A., Dalla Man, C., Nandy, D. K., Levine, J. A., Bharucha, A. E., Rizza, R. A., Basu, R., Carter, R. E., Cobelli, C., Kudva, Y. C., et al. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1478 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Time- and exercise-dependent gene regulation in human skeletal muscle
Zambon, A. C., McDearmon, E. L., Salomonis, N., Vranizan, K. M., Johansen, K. L., Adey, D., Takahashi, J. S., Schambelan, M., & Conklin, B. R. (2003) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2003-4-10-r61 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Circadian modulation of glucose and insulin responses to meals: relationship to cortisol rhythm
Van Cauter, E., Shapiro, E. T., Tillil, H., & Polonsky, K. S. (1992) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1992.262.4.e467 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Lee, A., Ader, M., Bray, G. A., & Bergman, R. N. (1992) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.41.6.750 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Validation of a new procedure to determine plasma fatty acid concentration and isotopic enrichment
Patterson, B. W., Zhao, G., Elias, N., Hachey, D. L., & Klein, S. (1999) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)32435-4 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationMittendorfer, B., Liem, O., Patterson, B. W., Miles, J. M., & Klein, S. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1641 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationOtway, D. T., Mäntele, S., Bretschneider, S., Wright, J., Trayhurn, P., Skene, D. J., Robertson, M. D., & Johnston, J. D. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-1098 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Morgan, L. M., Aspostolakou, F., Wright, J., & Gama, R. (1999) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456329903600407 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Magkos, F., Patterson, B. W., & Mittendorfer, B. (2007) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.d600048-jlr200 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationGlucocorticoids Affect 24 h Clock Genes Expression in Human Adipose Tissue Explant Cultures
Gómez-Abellán, P., Dı́ez-Noguera, A., Madrid, J. A., Luján, J., Ordovás, J. M., & Garaulet, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050435 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Assessment of Intrahepatic Triglyceride Content Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Frimel, T. N., Deivanayagam, S., Bashir, A., O'Connor, R. A., & Klein, S. (2007) · Journal of the CardioMetabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1111/j.1559-4564.2007.07168.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationMagkos, F., Fabbrini, E., Korenblat, K., Okunade, A. L., Patterson, B. W., & Klein, S. J. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.265 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolism and nutritional adaptation to altered intakes of energy substrates
Wp, J., McNeill, G., & Ralph, A. (1990) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/51.2.264 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Magkos, F., Fraterrigo, G., Yoshino, J., Luecking, C., Kirbach, K., Kelly, S. C., de las Fuentes, L., He, S., Okunade, A. L., Patterson, B. W., et al. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.02.005 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
“Gene expression was determined by using an ABI 7500 real-time PCR system (Invitrogen) and SYBRGreenMaster Mix (Invitrogen) as previously described (Fabbrini et al., 2015; Yoshino et al., 2014).”
Self-citationCircadian regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in humans
Poggiogalle, E., Jamshed, H., & Peterson, C. M. (2017) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.017 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
“Several trials have reported sizeable diurnal variations in FFAs, including postprandial values, with most studies (but not all [64]) reporting higher AUC values in the afternoon and evening [39,46,51,54,59,61,68,72,92].”
BackgroundInfluentialMelatonin as a Hormone: New Physiological and Clinical Insights
Cipolla‐Neto, J., & do Amaral, F. G. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00084 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Reed, J., Bain, S., & Kanamarlapudi, V. (2021) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dmso.s319895 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Baz, B., Riveline, J.-P., & Gautier, J.-F. (2016) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-15-0378 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Sleep restriction increases free fatty acids in healthy men
Broussard, J. L., Chapotot, F., Abraham, V., Day, A., Delebecque, F., Whitmore, H. R., & Tasali, E. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3500-4 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
An adipo-biliary-uridine axis that regulates energy homeostasis
Deng, Y., Wang, Z. V., Gordillo, R., An, Y., Zhang, C., Liang, Q., Yoshino, J., Cautivo, K. M., Brabander, J. K. D., Elmquist, J. K., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf5375 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, G. I., Yoshino, J., Kelly, S. C., Reeds, D. N., Okunade, A., Patterson, B. W., Klein, S., & Mittendorfer, B. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.047 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“Gene expression was determined by using an ABI 7500 RT-PCR system (Invitrogen) and SYBRGreenMasterMix (Invitrogen) as previously described (Smith et al., 2014; Yoshino et al., 2014).”
MethodSelf-citationComplex physiology and clinical implications of time-restricted eating
Petersen, M. C., Gallop, M. R., Ramos, S. F., Zarrinpar, A., Broussard, J. L., Chondronikola, M., Chaix, A., & Klein, S. (2022) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00006.2022 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationWilliams, K. J., & Wu, X. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.004 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Human adipose tissue expresses intrinsic circadian rhythm in insulin sensitivity
Carrasco‐Benso, M. P., Rivero‐Gutiérrez, B., Lόpez-Mínguez, J., Anzola, A., Dı́ez-Noguera, A., Madrid, J. A., Luján, J., Martínez‐Augustin, O., Scheer, F. A. J. L., & Garaulet, M. (2016) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201600269rr · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“These datamay help explain in vivo results in humans in which plasma glucose excursions in response to meals, oral glucose, or intravenousglucosearemarkedlyhigher in the evening than in themorning (2–4, 14, 15), and also that insulin sensitivity is higher in the morning hours, whereas insulin action is impaired late i…”
BackgroundEffect of dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation on the muscle transcriptome in older adults
Yoshino, J., Smith, G. I., Kelly, S. C., Julliand, S., Reeds, D. N., & Mittendorfer, B. (2016) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12785 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Gene expression was determined using an ABI 7500 real-time PCR system (Invitrogen) and SYBR Green Master Mix (Invitrogen) as previously described (Smith et al. 2014; Yoshino et al. 2014).”
MethodSelf-citationMitochondrial involvement in skeletal muscle insulin resistance: A case of imbalanced bioenergetics
Affourtit, C. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.07.008 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Haupt, S., Eckstein, M. L., Wolf, A., Zimmer, R. T., Wachsmuth, N. B., & Moser, O. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11040516 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Whole-body insulin sensitivity decreases throughout the day [102,103], which is why it seems that food intake at the beginning of the day is preferable, making”
BackgroundDiurnal Variation of Hormonal and Lipid Biomarkers in a Molecular Epidemiology-Like Setting
van Kerkhof, L. W. M., Dycke, K. C. G. V., Jansen, E. H. J. M., Beekhof, P., van Oostrom, C. T. M., Ruskovska, T., Velickova, N., Kamcev, N., Pennings, J. L. A., STEEG, H. V., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135652 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Furthermore, it is known that many lipids are directly regulated by the endogenous circadian clock [20, 21, 38], lipid metabolism is related to sleep [19, 39], and that levels of FFA, TG and LDL are dependent on meal-timing [40, 41] The results of the present study, diurnal variation in LDL, TG, FFA and total choleste…”
ResultMaki, K. C., Phillips‐Eakley, A. K., & Smith, K. N. (2016) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.010314 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Diet and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: beyond weight loss and exercise
Palacios, O. M., Kramer, M. W., & Maki, K. C. (2018) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2019.1554430 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Kessler, K., Hornemann, S., Petzke, K. J., Kemper, M., Kramer, A., Pfeiffer, A. F. H., Pivovarova, O., & Rudovich, N. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep44170 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Richter, E. A., Bilan, P. J., & Klip, A. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00033.2024 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Nutrient timing and metabolic regulation
Smith, H. A., & Betts, J. A. (2022) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp280756 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“For example, as noted earlier, carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism all exhibit marked morning–evening differences (Van Cauter et al. 1992; Yoshino et al. 2014; Morris et al. 2015a; Leung et al. 2019), yet the complete absence of daily food intake for 24 h (i.e. fasting) can eradicate the…”
BackgroundInfluentialA scoping review of intermittent fasting, chronobiology, and metabolism
Santos, H. O., Genário, R., Tinsley, G. M., de Carvalho, P. R., Carteri, R. B., Coelho‐Ravagnani, C. D. F., & Mota, J. F. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab433 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Jácome-Sosa, M., Parks, E. J., Bruno, R. S., Tasali, E., Lewis, G. F., Schneeman, B. O., & Rains, T. M. (2016) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.010397 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Imai, S., Kajiyama, S., Hashimoto, Y., Yamane, C., Miyawaki, T., Ozasa, N., Tanaka, M., & Fukui, M. (2017) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.05.010 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationYu, T., Xu, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, K., Shao, Y., & Liu, G. (2017) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.021 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“RT-PCR was conducted using an ABI 7500 real-time PCR system (Invitrogen) and SYBR Green Master Mix (Invitrogen) as previously described [18].”
MethodBasic concepts and unique features of human circadian rhythms: implications for human health
Yamanaka, Y. (2020) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa072 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Circadian Dysfunction in Adipose Tissue: Chronotherapy in Metabolic Diseases
Civelek, E., Civelek, D. Ö., Akyel, Y. K., Durman, D. K., & Okyar, A. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12081077 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Adipose tissue lipolytic activity in overweight women does not differ between morning and evening [62].”
BackgroundDiurnal Regulation of Peripheral Glucose Metabolism: Potential Effects of Exercise Timing
Mancilla, R., Krook, A., Schrauwen, P., & Hesselink, M. K. C. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22811 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“acids (NEFA) concentration in blood plasma (18), will affect wholebody glucose homeostasis.”
BackgroundKessler, K., Gerl, M. J., Hornemann, S., Damm, M., Klose, C. D., Petzke, K. J., Kemper, M., Weber, D., Rudovich, N. N., Grune, T., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz176 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Yamaguchi, S., Moseley, A. C., Almeda‐Valdés, P., Stromsdorfer, K. L., Franczyk, M. P., Okunade, A. L., Patterson, B. W., Klein, S., & Yoshino, J. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-02230 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Plasma insulin and cortisol concentrations were measured by using electrochemiluminescence technology (Elecsys 2010;Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) (4, 18).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationMorning Mastication Enhances Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Young Subjects
Sato, A., Ohtsuka, Y., & Yamanaka, Y. (2019) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.249.193 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The mechanism underlying diurnal variation in insulin sensitivity has been suggested to involve an increase in the levels of circulating free fatty acids in the evening (Yoshino et al. 2014).”
BackgroundAndo, T., Nakae, S., Usui, C., Yoshimura, E., Nishi, N., Takimoto, H., & Tanaka, S. (2018) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy086 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
van den Berg, R., Noordam, R., Kooijman, S., Jansen, S. W. M., Akintola, A. A., Slagboom, P. E., Pijl, H., Rensen, P. C. N., Biermasz, N. R., & van Heemst, D. (2016) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12547 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“This is, for example, apparent by the morning increase in insulin sensitivity (Yoshino et al., 2014).”
BackgroundRole of Intermittent Fasting in the Management of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ojo, T. K., Joshua, O. O., Ogedegbe, O. J., Oluwole, O., Ayoade, A. O., & Jesuyajolu, D. A. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.28800 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Mechanisms behind this diurnal variation in insulin sensitivity are still uncertain, but changes in free fatty acid metabolism and availability have been implicated [14].”
BackgroundKajiyama, S., Imai, S., Hashimoto, Y., Yamane, C., Miyawaki, T., Matsumoto, S., Ozasa, N., Tanaka, M., Kajiyama, S., & Fukui, M. (2017) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.033 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationDiurnal rhythm of plasma EPA and DHA in healthy adults
Jackson, P. A., Husberg, C., Hustvedt, S. O., Calder, P. C., Khan, J., Avery, H., Forster, J. S., & Kennedy, D. O. (2020) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102054 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Other trials have shown diurnal variation in plasma free fatty acids, with peak concentrations reported in the afternoon and evening [26,27].”
BackgroundMagkos, F., Reeds, D. N., & Mittendorfer, B. (2022) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2022 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationGestational diabetes mellitus: definition, aetiological and clinical aspects
Baz, B., & Riveline, J. (2016) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kulkarni, H. R., Mamtani, M., Wong, G., Weir, J. M., Barlow, C. K., Dyer, T. D., Almasy, L. A., Mahaney, M. C., Comuzzie, A. G., Duggirala, R., et al. (2017) · BMC Genetics · doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0515-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“It has also been shown that the downstream metabolic effects of circadian rhythm disturbances (which are exerted genetically) may be triggered by palmitate fluctuations [25, 26].”
Lindmeyer, A. M., Meier, J. J., & Nauck, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296820949939 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Smith, H., Templeman, I., Davis, M., Slater, T., Clayton, D. J., Varley, I., James, L. J., Middleton, B., Johnston, J. D., Karagounis, L. G., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae350 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Priming Effect of a Morning Meal on Hepatic Glucose Disposition Later in the Day
Moore, M. C., Smith, M. S., Farmer, B., Kraft, G., Shiota, M., Williams, P. E., & Cherrington, A. D. (2017) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db16-1308 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lucidi, P., Perriello, G., Porcellati, F., Pampanelli, S., Fano, M. D., Tura, A., Bolli, G. B., & Fanelli, C. G. (2023) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db22-0721 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Oktavian, P., Wungu, C. D. K., Wibisono, S., & Amin, I. M. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16268 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“33 Another explanation is that individual activities, such as food intake, exercise, and emotional stress, all of which increase glucose variability, tend to occur during the day and less during the night when most people are asleep.”
Zhang, Z., Liu, B., & Ding, S. (2025) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202501289r · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Established dietary interventions and time-restricted eating for cardiovascular disease prevention
Chang, Y. J., Heilbronn, L. K., & Hutchison, A. T. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102326 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“29 As a result, consuming a meal at night results in greater glucose excursions as compared to an equivalent meal consumed in the morning.”
Percutaneous muscle biopsy-induced tissue injury causes local endoplasmic reticulum stress
Yoshino, J., Almeda‐Valdés, P., Moseley, A. C., Mittendorfer, B., & Klein, S. (2018) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13679 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Gene expression was determined by using an ABI 7500 real-time PCR system (Invitrogen) with SYBR Green or TaqMan (Invitrogen) as we previously described (Stromsdorfer et al. 2016; Yamaguchi et al. 2017; Yoshino et al. 2014, 2012).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationRubio-Valles, M., Amaro‐Gahete, F. J., Creasy, S. A., Ramos‐Jiménez, A., Pérez-León, J. A., & Chávez-Guevara, I. A. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02154-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Only one previous study in young overweight women reported that CPT1 shows a diurnal variation in skeletal muscle, with a higher expression in the morning versus the afternoon that was associated with variations in PERIOD proteins [34].”
Methnani, J., Brahim, M. M., Elhraiech, A., Ach, T., Latiri, I., Zaouali, M., Rouatbi, S., Bouslama, A., Brun, J. ‐., Omezzine, A., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-024-05518-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…to demonstrate that the diurnal peak of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) coincides with the diurnal trough of insulin sensitivity, suggesting a Randle effect and making NEFAs circadian substrates by excellence (Jha et al. 2015; Yoshino et al. 2014; Morgan et al. 1999; Poggiogalle et al. 2018).”
Probing the diurnal regulation of glycemic control
Hampton, S. M., & Johnston, J. D. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.07.008 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Veira, A. M., dos Santos, L. S., Campos, P. H. R. F., Marçal, D. A., Fraga, A. Z., & Hauschild, L. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261314 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Additionally, insulin sensitivity in relation to glucose metabolism is lower at night than in the morning [31].”
BackgroundZakrzewski-Fruer, J. K., Morari, V., Champion, R. B., Bailey, D. P., Ferrandino, L., & Jones, R. L. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15143210 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The ≈32% reduction in insulin sensitivity that occurs from pre- to mid-puberty [6] suggests that eating earlier in the day, when insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance are highest, may be particularly important for adolescents [24,25].”
BackgroundFuture Visions of Personalized and Precision Nutrition
Heber, D., & Li, Z. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15315-0.00018-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Som, A. M., Sohadi, N. A. M., Nor, N. S. M., Ali, S. A., & Ahmad, M. A. (2024) · JMIRx Bio · doi:10.2196/43662 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Although the insulin sensitivity varies depending on the time of the day with reduced sensitivity in the evening [26,27], it can be observed that these patients have low insulin sensitivity in the morning; hence, they require more insulin doses to cater to the sudden BGL fluctuation.”
BackgroundHiguchi, Y., Miyawaki, T., Kajiyama, S., Kitta, K., Kajiyama, S., Hashimoto, Y., Fukui, M., & Imai, S. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17203194 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationFitzpatrick, R., Wilson, J. J., Davison, G. W., McMahon, G. E., Bleakley, C., & McClean, C. M. (2026) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2026.2637042 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Diminished insulin sensitivity in the evening results from a circadian-mediated increase in free fatty acid (FFA) availability (Yoshino et al., 2014), which is a well-known contributor to insulin resistance in skeletal muscles (Roden et al., 1996).”
Circadian rhythms in muscle health and diseases
Kelu, J. J. (2024) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.10.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sohadi, N. A. M., Som, A. M., Nor, N. S. M., Ali, S. A., & Ahmad, M. A. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.23.509189 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Large amount of exogenous insulin was infused during breakfast time 134 compared to the rest of the day as insulin sensitivity was higher in the morning [14].”
BackgroundFood Metabolism and Chronic Diseases
Tiwari, R., Yadav, A., Hamsa, S., & Dhewa, T. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394229116.ch16 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Role of Circadian Rhythm in Hormonal Cancers
Jyoti, D., Guleria, S., Ahsan, A. U., Chopra, M., & Sobti, R. C. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3746-2_25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Identifying Chronotype for the Preservation of Muscle Mass, Quality and Strength
Barrientos-Salinas, R., Dahdah, N., Alvarez-Luis, J., Vilarrasa, N., & García-Rovés, P. M. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18020221 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…example, insulin sensitivity to glucose metabolism is lower in the afternoon, and consequently, when the highest caloric intake for ETs is in the afternoon or evening time, it results in a greater increase in plasma glucose and glucose intolerance compared to when the meal is in the morning [19].”
Fuke, S., Fujihira, K., & Takahashi, M. (2026) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/jnme/2301278 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Similarly, a decrease in the expression of genes regulating fatty acid oxidation and an increase in that of lipogenesis-related genes in the evening have been reported [12].”
Ассоциация циркадианной дизритмии с возникновением метаболических расстройств
Венгржиновская, О. И., & Фадеева, М. И. (2021) · Естественные и Технические Науки · doi:10.37882/2223-2966.2021.04-2.02 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“[12] Многие анаболические ритмы у людей достигают пика в биологическое утро или ранним днем.”
Мисникова, И. В., Золоева, Д. Э., & Glazkov, A. A. (2023) · Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.14341/dm13023 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fatty acid composition in four serum lipid fractions and the pathogenesis of diabetes
Johnston, L. (2017) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Bashir, B., & Banerjee, M. (2021) · British Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.15277/bjd.2021.326
(2024) · Journal of Nutrition Food Science and Technology · doi:10.47485/2834-7854.1042
Chrono Biological Considerations in Food Safety
Sarker, A., Datta, I., Bose, A., Dey, S., Das, D., Budathoki, U., & Goswami, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-94582-3_2
Fuke, S., Fujihira, K., Ishizaki, Y., Sasahara, Y., Ishii, H., Aoki, H., & Takahashi, M. (2025) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2025.2577862
“…the evening is the time of day when weight gain is likely to be promoted as a result of decreased fatty acid oxidation, increased fatty acid synthesis, decreased insulin sensitivity, and decreased diet-induced thermogenesis (Saad et al. 2012; Yoshino et al. 2014; Morris CJ, Garcia JI, et al. 2015).”
Arora, N., Singh, G. P., Kaushik, B., Rajpal, S., Kumar, V., & Rajpal, A. (2026) · International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s13042-026-03079-4
PERSONALIZED CHRONOTHERAPY: BRIDGING PRECISION MEDICINE WITH CIRCADIAN THERAPEUTICS
Aleti, R., Nijhawan, M., Bakhatwar, M., Baratam, S. R., & Adireddy, K. K. (2026) · INDIAN DRUGS · doi:10.53879/id.63.03.15250
The Role of Exercise in Fat Oxidation and Its Impact on Adolescent Metabolism
Engin, A., & Engin, A. B. (2026) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-7000-3_17
Reid, A. G., Wu, C. Y., Nguyen, T. L., Symons, R. C. A., Britten‐Jones, A. C., & Downie, L. E. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-109299
Interpreting intermittent fasting physiology in the context of behaviour
Clayton, D. G., Slater, T., & James, L. J. (2026) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665126106156
The clock‐output gene DBP regulates muscle insulin sensitivity and its fluctuations
Yodokawa, C., Kajimura, Y., Taguchi, A., Hiroshige, S., Nagao, Y., Akiyama, M., Yodokawa, T., Masuda, K., Mikami, H., Tanizawa, Y., et al. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.70481
- Authors
- Yoshino, J., Almeda-Valdes, P., Patterson, B. W., Okunade, A. L., Imai, S.-I., Mittendorfer, B., & Klein, S.
- Affiliations
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine (J.Y., P.A.-V., B.W.P., A.L.O., S.I., B.M., S.K.), St Louis, Missouri 63110
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Klein, Samuel
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2014-09-01
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- E1666-E1670
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC4154096
- OpenAlex
- W2161635288
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p60dk020579-35, KL2TR000450, 5p41rr000954-34, UL1TR000448)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R24GM136766, P41GM103422)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK37948, DK56341, R01DK037948, DK‐020579, P60-DK-020579, P30DK056341, P30DK020579)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41-RR000954, RR 00954)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (TR 000450)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- diurnal variation, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, fatty acid metabolism, free fatty acids, adipose tissue lipolysis, skeletal muscle, fatty acid oxidation, de novo lipogenesis, clock genes, meal timing, overweight women, glucose metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Blood Glucose, Circadian Rhythm, Eating, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Middle Aged, Palmitates, Reference Values, Muscle, Skeletal, Lipogenesis, Overweight
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
