Effect of dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation on the muscle transcriptome in older adults
Open accessAbstract
Dietary fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation can increase muscle mass, reduce oxygen demand during physical activity, and improve physical function (muscle strength and power, and endurance) in people. The results from several studies conducted in animals suggest that the anabolic and performance-enhancing effects of n-3 PUFA are at least in part transcriptionally regulated. The effect of n-3 PUFA therapy on the muscle transcriptome in people is unknown. In this study, we used muscle biopsy samples collected during a recently completed randomized controlled trial that found that n-3 PUFA therapy increased muscle mass and function in older adults to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effect of n-3 PUFA therapy on the skeletal muscle gene expression profile in these people. Using the microarray technique, we found that several pathways involved in regulating mitochondrial function and extracellular matrix organization were increased and pathways related to calpain- and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and inhibition of the key anabolic regulator mTOR were decreased by n-3 PUFA therapy. However, the effect of n-3 PUFA therapy on the expression of individual genes involved in regulating mitochondrial function and muscle growth, assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, was very small. These data suggest that n-3 PUFA therapy results in small but coordinated changes in the muscle transcriptome that may help explain the n-3 PUFA-induced improvements in muscle mass and function.
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Omega-3 PUFA therapy decreased pathways related to calpain- and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, mRNA translation, and inhibition of mTOR kinase signaling, and involved different pathways in mitochondrial regulation and organization of increased cell matrix.
“Using the microarray technique, they found that different pathways were involved in mitochondrial regulation and in the organization of the increased cell matrix while the pathways related to calpain- and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, mRNA translation, and inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase signaling were decreased by omega-3 PUFAs therapy.”
From Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption (2020) · cites this paper as [36]
Six months of n-3 PUFA supplementation in older individuals increases gene expression of various pathways involved in growth and structural support (ECM organization).
“With regards to n-3 PUFAs, six months of supplementation in older individuals has been shown to increase gene expression of various pathways that are involved in growth and structural support (ECM organization) [148].”
From Potential Roles of n-3 PUFAs during Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration (2018) · cites this paper as [148]
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- Authors
- Yoshino, J., Smith, G. I., Kelly, S. C., Julliand, S., Reeds, D. N., & Mittendorfer, B.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mittendorfer, Bettina
- ORCID
- Venue
- Physiological Reports
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e12785
- ISSN
- 2051-817X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4908485
- OpenAlex
- W2413534694
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 9.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physiological Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DK 56341)
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center (DK 20579)
- Diabetes Research Center (UL1 TR000448)
- Clinical Translational Science Award (TR 000450)
- Central Society for Clinical and Translational Research Early Career Development Award
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil supplementation, skeletal muscle transcriptome, muscle gene expression, older adults, muscle mass, muscle function, mitochondrial function, extracellular matrix organization, calpain-mediated proteolysis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, mTOR signaling, muscle growth
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Mitochondria, Muscle, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Treatment Outcome, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Gene Expression Profiling, Muscle Strength, Transcriptome
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