The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of the Internal Circadian System and Circadian Misalignment on Glucose Tolerance in Chronic Shift Workers
Open accessAbstract
Context: Shift work is a risk factor for diabetes. The separate effects of the endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment (ie, misalignment between the central circadian pacemaker and 24-hour environmental/behavioral rhythms such as the light/dark and feeding/fasting cycles) on glucose tolerance in shift workers are unknown. Objective: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that the endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment separately affect glucose tolerance in shift workers, both independently from behavioral cycle effects. Design: A randomized, crossover study with two 3-day laboratory visits. Setting: Center for Clinical Investigation at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Patients: Healthy chronic shift workers. Intervention: The intervention included simulated night work comprised of 12-hour inverted behavioral and environmental cycles (circadian misalignment) or simulated day work (circadian alignment). Main Outcome Measures: Postprandial glucose and insulin responses to identical meals given at 8:00 am and 8:00 pm in both protocols. Results: Postprandial glucose was 6.5% higher at 8:00 pm than 8:00 am (circadian phase effect), independent of behavioral effects (P = .0041). Circadian misalignment increased postprandial glucose by 5.6%, independent of behavioral and circadian effects (P = .0042). These variations in glucose tolerance appeared to be explained, at least in part, by different insulin mechanisms: during the biological evening by decreased pancreatic β-cell function (18% lower early and late phase insulin; both P ≤ .011) and during circadian misalignment presumably by decreased insulin sensitivity (elevated postprandial glucose despite 10% higher late phase insulin; P = .015) without change in early-phase insulin (P = .38). Conclusions: Internal circadian time affects glucose tolerance in shift workers. Separately, circadian misalignment reduces glucose tolerance in shift workers, providing a mechanism to help explain the increased diabetes risk in shift workers.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Long-term desynchronization of circadian rhythms is associated with adverse metabolic health effects, including weight gain, increased body fat, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, higher blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol levels, as well as elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (18, 47–54).”
From Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [50]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2007) · Cited by 6,530
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function
Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01376-8 · Cited by 3,668
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Circadian Clock Mutant Mice
Turek, F. W., Joshu, C., Kohsaka, A., Lin, E., Ivanova, G., McDearmon, E., Laposky, A., Losee-Olson, S., Easton, A., Jensen, D. R., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1108750 · Cited by 2,485
Damiola, F., Le Minh, N., Preitner, N., Kornmann, B., Fleury-Olela, F., & Schibler, U. (2000) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.183500 · Cited by 2,394
Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment
Scheer, F. A. J. L., Hilton, M. F., Mantzoros, C. S., & Shea, S. A. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0808180106 · Cited by 2,351
Self-citationResetting of circadian time in peripheral tissues by glucocorticoid signaling
Balsalobre, A., Brown, S. A., Marcacci, L., Tronche, F., Kellendonk, C., Reichardt, H. M., Schütz, G., & Schibler, U. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5488.2344 · Cited by 1,859
Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding
Stokkan, K.-A., Yamazaki, S., Tei, H., Sakaki, Y., & Menaker, M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5503.490 · Cited by 1,800
Disruption of the clock components CLOCK and BMAL1 leads to hypoinsulinaemia and diabetes
Marcheva, B., Ramsey, K. M., Buhr, E. D., Kobayashi, Y., Su, H., Ko, C. H., Ivanova, G., Omura, C., Mo, S., Vitaterna, M. H., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09253 · Cited by 1,525
Physiological significance of a peripheral tissue circadian clock
Lamia, K. A., Storch, K.-F., & Weitz, C. J. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0806717105 · Cited by 1,048
Buxton, O. M., Cain, S. W., O’Connor, S. P., Porter, J. H., Duffy, J. F., Wang, W., Czeisler, C. A., & Shea, S. A. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003200 · Cited by 932
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–260 of 260
Frequency of Eating and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review
Heymsfield, S. B., Boushey, C. J., Leidy, H. J., Mattes, R. D., Kleinman, R. E., Callahan, E. H., Butera, G., Terry, N. L., & Obbagy, J. (2020) · doi:10.52570/nesr.dgac2020.sr0602 · Cited by 1
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.002.0015 · Cited by 1
Wilming, I., Tuschewski, J., Osterhaus, J. M., Bringmann, T. J., Hühne-Landgraf, A., Pivovarova‐Ramich, O., & Landgraf, D. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.01.30.24301983 · Cited by 1
Impact of Circadian and Sleep Disruption on Metabolic Health and Behavior
Stothard, E. R. (2017) · CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder)
Detecting novel effects of exercise or AMPK activation in human skeletal muscle
Lassiter, D. G. (2018) · Figshare
Mechanisms and Potential Therapy on Disrupted Blood Pressure Circadian Rhythm in Diabetes
Hou, T. (2018) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2018.464
What, how and (especially) when: chronoparmacological approach in cancer therapies
Trebucq, L. L., Marpegán, L., Golombek, D. A., & Chiesa, J. J. (2020) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200021
Annual variation of daily activity patterns and its dependence on photoperiod: a quick overview
Improta, G. C. (2020) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200015
Circadian modulation of motivation-related behavior
Acosta, J., Golombek, D. A., & Agostino, P. V. (2020) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200006 · Cited by 1
The effect of pubertal development on the sleep-wake cycle
Borrani, J., Guerra, G., García, A., Ramírez, C., & Valdéz, P. (2020) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200008 · Cited by 1
Shift work-related health problems: causes, effects, and light-based interventions
Bustos-González, L. (2020) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200009
Different latitude influences the habitat and reproductive patterns of Pinnipeds
Morales-Pérez, B., & Miñana-Solís, M. D. C. (2020) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200016
From the ruler to the smartphone tasks applied to identify sleep deprivation
Bellone, G. J., Fedele, M. M., Abulafia, C., Plano, S. A., Golombek, D. A., & Vigo, D. E. (2020) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200007
Circadian and homeostatic variation of alertness in police officers on rotating shifts
Gonzales-Aste, F. (2019) · eScholarship@McGill (McGill) · doi:10.82308/13238
Skinner, N. J. (2021) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Frequency of Eating during Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain: A Systematic Review
Heymsfield, S. B., Boushey, C. J., Leidy, H. J., Mattes, R. D., Kleinman, R. E., Callahan, E. H., Butera, G., Terry, N. L., & Obbagy, J. (2020) · doi:10.52570/nesr.dgac2020.sr0605
I Can Get Fat Where? The Other Types of Fat
Denton, N. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198865278.003.0004
Sleep in cardiovascular disease
Hoddy, K. K., Mader, E. C., & Singh, P. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822963-7.00211-5
Paim, S. M. S., Barra, D. C. C., Lanzoni, G. M. D. M., & Knihs, N. D. S. (2020) · Revista Eletrônica Acervo Enfermagem · doi:10.25248/reaenf.e4385.2020
A metabolically healthy lifestyle
Andriessen, C. (2023) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20230706ca
Krynytska, І., Бекус, І. Р., Kyryliv, M. V., Денефіль, О. В., & Ярошенко, Т. Я. (2023) · Medical and Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.11603/mcch.2410-681x.2023.i2.13971
Orchestration of female reproductive cycles
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.003.0004
A seasonally programmed energy rheostat
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.003.0005
Programmed and reactive rheostasis
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.003.0002
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.003.0007
An endogenous clock for programmed rheostasis
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.003.0003
Challenges to physiological anticipation
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.003.0010
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.003.0006
Modeling physiological dynamics
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.003.0009
Long-term physiological stability in nature
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.003.0001
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.002.0005
Stevenson, T. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197665572.002.0003
Wilming, I., Tuschewski, J., Osterhaus, J. M., Bringmann, T. J., Hühne-Landgraf, A., & Landgraf, D. (2024) · doi:10.7554/elife.96837.1
Wilming, I., Tuschewski, J., Osterhaus, J. M., Bringmann, T. J., Hühne-Landgraf, A., & Landgraf, D. (2024) · doi:10.7554/elife.96837
Wilming, I., Tuschewski, J., Osterhaus, J. M., Bringmann, T. J., Hühne-Landgraf, A., & Landgraf, D. (2024) · doi:10.7554/elife.96837.2
Nocturnal Light Pollution Synergistically Impairs Glucose Metabolism With Age and Weight in Monkeys
Wang, S. G., Cheng, X., Liang, Z., Chen, Z., Zhang, J., & Xu, Q. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2024/5112055
Wilming, I., Tuschewski, J., Osterhaus, J. M., Bringmann, T. J., Hühne-Landgraf, A., & Landgraf, D. (2025) · doi:10.7554/elife.96837.3
Sleep and Circadian Development in Adults and Older Adults
Duffy, J. F., Arrona‐Palacios, A., & Song, P. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197602751.013.1
Jin, Y., Sang, L., Zhou, Z., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Song, L., Zhu, L., Xiao, J., & Lian, Y. (2025) · Work · doi:10.1177/10519815251325775
Proimou, A., Sotiriou, G., Panagopoulou, P., Tsimtsiou, Z., & Christoforidis, A. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968251352554
Kanazawa, C., Shimba, Y., Toyonaga, S., Nakamura, F., & Hosaka, T. (2025) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-025-00975-4 · Cited by 1
Shiba, A., Tandari, R., Foppen, E., Yi, C., Mul, J. D., Stenvers, D. J., & Kalsbeek, A. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26157658
Wijntjens, G. W. M., Dehghani, A., Motazedi, E., Franklin, S. W., Maas, J., Galenkamp, H., van den Born, B. H., & Schaafsma, F. G. (2025) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqaf069
Barreira, J., Marques, E. A., Nakamura, F. Y., Brito, J., & Figueiredo, P. (2025) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-025-03531-9 · Cited by 4
Social jetlag, circadian disruption, and cardiometabolic disease risk
Malone, S. K., Mendoza, M. A., & Patterson, F. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13954-3.00040-1
Additional file 1 of Risky working conditions and chronic kidney disease
Lan, R., Qin, Y., Chen, X., Hu, J., Luo, W., Shen, Y., Li, X., Mao, L., Ye, H., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24564078
Sleep Disorders and Circadian Sleep Disruption in Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic Syndrome
Crișan-Dabija, R. A., & Antal, A. Z. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-11445-7_15
Sotiriou, G., Proimou, A., Panagopoulou, P., Tsimtsiou, Z., & Christoforidis, A. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-026-01871-1
Interactions between circadian clocks and feeding behaviour
Sen, S. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a9aacc00z1b8ez46fbz9494z07029578de62
Médecine d’urgence, nutrition et biomarqueurs du stress
Bouillon‐Minois, J. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9293ae03ze761z4582zb5f5z9ecb1a766db9
Gu, Y., Vidal‐Puig, A., & Xu, Y. (2026) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-026-10037-6
Liu, C. P., Sosnowski, D. W., Nyhuis, C. C., Rabinowitz, J. A., Eaton, W. W., Callow, D. D., Munro, C. A., Walker, K. A., Weng, N., Ferrucci, L., et al. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.11474
Murad, I. S. (2025) · Journal of Prevention Diagnosis and Management of Human Diseases · doi:10.55529/jpdmhd.52.56.67
Nezhadrekabi, N., Aghaei, M., Isanazr, A., Hassanipour, S., Naghipour, M., Yeganeh, S., Joukar, F., & Mansour‐Ghanaei, F. (2026) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.73182
Yang, Y., Wang, X., Dong, R., & Guan, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1940688
The nutritional and metabolic impact of night shift work in a real-world setting
Jassil, F. C., Phillips, N. E., Hemmer, A., Joris, C., Biancolin, A. D., Hartmeyer, S. L., Dorribo, V., Perrig, S. H., Genton, L., Virginie Sterpenich, A., et al. (2026) · npj Biological Timing and Sleep · doi:10.1038/s44323-026-00107-y
Vargas, R. (2026) · Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.25259/ijpp_417_2026
Phoi, Y. Y., Bonham, M. P., Dorrian, J., Rogers, M., & Coates, A. M. (2026) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.70324
Lundholm, K. R., Satterfield, B. C., Banks, S., Liu, P. Y., Thambiliya, C. J. K. N., Hurtado‐Alvarado, G., Greer, A. J., Muck, R. A., Layton, M. E., Du, D., et al. (2026) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-026-00404-9
Metadata
- Authors
- Morris, C. J., Purvis, T. E., Mistretta, J., & Scheer, F. A. J. L.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morris, Christopher J.
- Scheer, Frank A. J. L.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2016-03-01
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1066-1074
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC4803172
- OpenAlex
- W2237552187
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 14.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL118601, R01HL094806)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK099512)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025758)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- circadian misalignment, circadian rhythm, shift work, glucose tolerance, postprandial blood glucose, insulin response, beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, diabetes risk, circadian phase
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Circadian Rhythm, Diet, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep, Work Schedule Tolerance, Glucose Intolerance, Cross-Over Studies, Postprandial Period, Chronobiology Disorders, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Meals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
