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Aromatase expression in endometriosis.
Abstract
The conversion of C19 steroids to estrogens occurs in a number of tissues, such as the ovary and placenta, and is catalyzed by aromatase P450 (P450arom; the product of the CYP19 gene). P450arom expression has also been detected in a number of uterine tumors, such as leiomyomas and endometrial cancer. On the other hand, P450arom expression was undetectable in normal endometrial and myometrial tissues. The present study was conducted to determine the presence or absence of aromatase expression in peritoneal endometriotic implants and in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Endometriotic implants in pelvic peritoneum (n = 17; e.g. posterior culdesac, bladder, and anterior culdesac) and eutopic endometrial curettings (n = 11) of 14 patients with histologically documented pelvic endometriosis were obtained at the time of laparoscopy or laparotomy. Pelvic peritoneal biopsies distal to endometriotic implants as well as normal endometrial tissues (n = 7) from disease-free women were used as negative controls. We used competitive RT-PCR technology employing an internal standard to amplify P450arom transcripts in total ribonucleic acid (RNA) isolated from these tissues. P450arom transcripts were detected in all endometriotic implants and in all eutopic endometrial tissues from patients with endometriosis. P450arom messenger RNA species were not detectable in endometrial tissues from disease-free women or in endometriosis-free peritoneal tissues. The highest levels of transcripts were detected in an endometriotic implant that involved the full thickness of the anterior abdominal wall. The P450arom transcript level within the core of this endometriotic mass was 4-fold higher than that in the surrounding adipose tissue. It has been shown recently that aromatase expression in various human tissues is regulated by the use of tissue-specific promoters via alternative splicing. To analyze promoter usage, we amplified by RT-PCR the most likely promoter-specific untranslated 5'-termini of P450arom transcripts in 2 endometriotic implants. It appears that these endometriotic implants use both the adipose-type promoter I.4 and gonadal-type promoter II for aromatase expression. The use of promoter I.4 for aromatase expression in adipose tissue has been recently observed to be regulated by members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family. Based on these findings, we examined by RT-PCR, IL-6 and IL-11 messenger RNA expression in 5 endometriotic tissues and 1 eutopic endometrial sample from a patient with endometriosis. We detected IL-6 and IL-11 transcripts in all endometriotic tissues and in the eutopic endometrial tissue sample studied. Our findings indicate that both eutopic endometrial tissues and endometriotic implants from patients with endometriosis are biochemically different from normal endometrial tissues of disease-free women. The presence of aromatase expression in eutopic endometrial tissues from patients with endometriosis may be related to the capability of implantation of these tissues on peritoneal surfaces. Furthermore, the possibility of estrogen production in these implants may serve to promote their growth. Increased IL-6 and IL-11 expression in these tissues suggests that P450arom expression in endometriosis may be regulated in part by these cytokines.
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“Local E2 levels are increased in endometriosis due to upregulation of the aromatase gene CYP19A1 [34] and reduction of 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17HSD2), which normally (induced by P4) converts E2 to the less potent estrone [35, 36].”
From Hormonal treatments for endometriosis: The endocrine background (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“the first report of aromatase upregulation used 17 lesion samples and 7 control endometrial samples (Noble et al., 1996), while that on ERα used 9 and 11 samples, respectively (Brandenberger et al., 1999).”
From Progressively diminished estrogen signaling concordant with increased fibrosis in ectopic endometrium (2025) · cites this paper as Noble et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“The products of some of these steroidogenic genes that catalyze the formation of estradiol from cholesterol, namely StAR, P450arom (CYP19A1), and HSD17B1 were demonstrated in stromal cells of endometriotic tissue (10 -13).”
From Prostaglandin E2 Via Steroidogenic Factor-1 Coordinately Regulates Transcription of Steroidogenic Genes Necessary for Estrogen Synthesis in Endometriosis (2009) · cites this paper as [12]
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Tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) protein expression in the human endometrium
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“An increased expression of aromatase has been reported in endometriotic tissue (Noble et al., 1996) and endometriomas (Smuc et al.”
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“Aromatase P450 is physiologically expressed in a variety of human tissues such as adipose tissue and in the ovaries, but not usually in the endometrium, and it catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens [59].”
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“cells compared to eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis, whereas expression was absent in the eutopic endometrium of disease free women and nonendometriotic pelvic tissues from women with endometriosis (Noble et al., 1996).”
BackgroundHeilier, J.-F., Donnez, O., Van Kerckhove, V., Lison, D., & Donnez, J. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.10.041 · Cited by 37
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“In addition, several markers are aberrantly expressed in endometriotic cells in comparison to the normal cell elements, including the gap junction connexins (Cx) (23), β-cadherins (24), metalloproteinases (25), and P450 aromatase (26).”
Koltsova, A. S., Efimova, O. A., & Pendina, A. A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24065752 · Cited by 31
Is aromatase cytochrome P450 involved in the pathogenesis of endometrioid endometrial cancer?
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Endometrial aromatase mRNA as a possible screening tool for advanced endometriosis and adenomyosis
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“Adenomyosis and endometriosis contain estrogen receptors, and interestingly both have aromatase (CYP19), the crucial enzyme responsible for steroid conversion into estrogens [2,3].”
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“Excessive aromatase activity has been demonstrated in endometriosis tissue (Noble et al., 1996; Bukulmez et al., 2008).”
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“33,35,37,74 These estrogens, in turn, activate complement, 75 creatingafeedbackloopthatsustainslocalinflammationandpro-repair macrophages.”
Epithelial Cells in Endometriosis and Adenomyosis Upregulate STING Expression
Qu, H., Li, L., Wang, T., Seckin, T. A., Segars, J. H., & Shih, I. (2020) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-019-00127-z · Cited by 25
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“In fact, endometriotic implants in the peritoneum as well as eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis express p450 aromatase, whereas endometrial tissue from disease-free women or endometriosis-free peritoneal tissue does not, suggesting the important role that estradiol plays in the pathogenesis of endometri…”
Background“Spot”-ting differences between the ectopic and eutopic endometrium of endometriosis patients
Chehna-Patel, N., Sachdeva, G., Gajbhiye, R., Warty, N. R., & Khole, V. V. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.048 · Cited by 25
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Are aromatase inhibitors effective in endometriosis treatment?
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“Indeed, from the end of the 1990s until very recently, aromatase was widely believed to be expressed at the transcriptional [20-48], protein [21,23,27,29,33,37,49-55] and activity levels [21,22,26,33,41,56-58].”
BackgroundEmerging drugs for endometriosis
Guo, S. (2008) · Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs · doi:10.1517/14728210802548360 · Cited by 25
“For GnRH-a treatment, two sources of extraovarian estrogen production may render the treatment ineffective [20] : increased local production of estrogen within the ectopic implants due to aberrant expression of aromatase and 17 β HSD2 [21,22] , and estradiol produced in peripheral tissues.”
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“Alternatively, the P resistance and increased estrogen sensibility observed in the endometrium from patients with endometriosis (57, 58) could explain in part the upregulation of endometrial DMT1 in endometriosis patients.”
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“…endometriotic tissue and endometriomas has long been investigated and Noble et al. and Smuch et al. have reported that such expression was increased in these tissues as compared to disease free peritoneal endometriotic implants and in the eutopic endometrium (Noble et al. 1996; Smuc et al. 2009).”
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Eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis does not exhibit neurotrophic properties
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“The aromatase seems to be overexpressed in eutopic endometrial tissue in women with endometriosis when compared to healthy endometrium (Noble et al., 1996); growth factors like activin, a member of the TGF-β family are also elevated throughout the menstrual Centre Charité, Department of nburgdamm…”
New clinical targets of d -chiro-inositol: rationale and potential applications
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Altered expression of activin, cripto, and follistatin in the endometrium of women with endometrioma
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UPDATE ON THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS
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How can macroscopically normal peritoneum contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis?
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“38 [0–17]) 1.”
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“These include aberrant expression of cytokines [7], matrix-metalloproteinases [8], resistance to the protective action of progesterone [9] and aberrant expression of aromatase [10].”
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“Retaining the natural cycle results in cyclic exposure of the endometriosis lesions to estrogen, as seen in endometriosis patients, which is known to be of the utmost importance in the thriving of lesions in the abdominal cavity, as proliferation occurs in an estrogen-dependent manner [29].”
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Aromatase Inhibitors for Endometriosis-Associated Infertility; Do We Have Sufficient Evidence?
Hashim, H. A. (2016) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22074/ijfs.2016.5040 · Cited by 21
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“showed an abnormal expression of aromatase in endometriotic lesions and in much lower levels in eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis (24,25).”
BackgroundEstrogen-Induced CCN1 Is Critical for Establishment of Endometriosis-Like Lesions in Mice
Zhao, Y., Li, Q., Katzenellenbogen, B. S., Lau, L. F., Taylor, R. N., Bagchi, I. C., & Bagchi, M. K. (2014) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2014-1080 · Cited by 21
Ngô, C., Nicco, C., Leconte, M., Chéreau, C., Weill, B. J., Batteux, F., & Chapron, C. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.09.031 · Cited by 21
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“Moreover, high endometrial aromatase expression in infertile women with endometriosis (quantified through real-time PCR) is associated with bad IFV prognosis, with lower pregnancy rates (9.5”
BackgroundInfluentialRight endometrioma is related with more extensive obliteration of the Douglas pouch
Ulukuş, M., Yeniel, A. Ö., Ergenoğlu, A. M., & Mermer, T. K. (2011) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-011-2189-y · Cited by 20
“indicates that a combination of genetic, hormonal, immunological and environmental factors also seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disorder [2–6].”
BackgroundInhibitors of aromatase prevent degradation of the enzyme in cultured human tumour cells
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Danastas, K., Miller, E. J., Hey‐Cunningham, A. J., Murphy, C. R., & Lindsay, L. A. (2017) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd17184 · Cited by 19
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“(1) The samples analyzed in the many of the previous studies were obtained from patients with different types of endometriosis [12, 17–19, 23] or from patients with extraovarian endometriosis [42, 43].”
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“Although P450 arom is not expressed in normal endometrium, its expression has been detected in endometriotic tissues (Noble et al. 1996, Bulun et al. 2001).”
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Guo, Y., Fang, Z., Yu, L., Sun, X., Li, F., & Jin, L. (2023) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-023-01095-4 · Cited by 18
Characterization of anastrozole effects, delivered by an intravaginal ring in cynomolgus monkeys
Rotgeri, A., Korolainen, H., Sundholm, O., Schmitz, H., Fuhrmann, U., Prelle, K., & Sacher, F. (2014) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deu315 · Cited by 18
“Thus, blocking the aromatase as a key enzyme of estrogen biosynthesis (Noble et al., 1996) may provide an attractive alternative treatment option, and was shown to be effective in treatment of endometriosis in preclinical models (Altintas et al., 2010; Bilotas et al., 2010; Streuli et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodAnnunziata, M., Grande, C., Scarlatti, F., Deltetto, F., Delpiano, E. M., Camanni, M., Ghigo, E., & Granata, R. (2009) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.093 · Cited by 18
Diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis
Frackiewicz, E. J., & Zarotsky, V. (2003) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.4.1.67 · Cited by 18
Simsa, P., Mihalyi, A., Kyama, C. M., Mwenda, J. M., Fülöp, V., & D’Hooghe, T. M. (2007) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/17455057.3.5.617 · Cited by 17
“Ovary No Present [114] Present [114] Present [114] Present [114] *RNA-based method.”
BackgroundInfluentialExpression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in women with endometriosis
Suzumori, N., Sato, M., Yoneda, T., Ozaki, Y., Takagi, H., & Suzumori, K. (1999) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00381-7 · Cited by 18
Hilakivi‐Clarke, L. (1997) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1023/a:1005964511134 · Cited by 18
Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction
National Cancer Institute (2020) · Definitions · doi:10.32388/9g8xz9 · Cited by 18
Zhao, Y., Chen, Y., Kuang, Y., Bagchi, M. K., Taylor, R. N., Katzenellenbogen, J. A., & Katzenellenbogen, B. S. (2015) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2015-1324 · Cited by 17
Cellular and Genetic Constitution of Human Endometriosis Tissues
Gogusev, J., de Jolinière, J. B., Telvi, L., Doussau, M., Stojkoski, A., & Levradon, M. (2000) · Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation · doi:10.1177/107155760000700201 · Cited by 17
Dogan, S., Machicao, F. E., Wallwiener, D. R., Haering, H.-U., Diedrich, K., & Hornung, D. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.026 · Cited by 17
Pathophysiology of Infertility in Endometriosis
Lessey, B. A., & Young, S. L. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444398519.ch23 · Cited by 17
Émond, J.-P., Caron, P., Pušić, M. N., Turcotte, V., Simonyan, D., Vogler, A., Osredkar, J., Rižner, T. L., & Guillemette, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1034614 · Cited by 18
Skorupskaite, K., Hardy, M., Bhandari, H. M., Yasmin, E., Saab, W., & Seshadri, S. (2024) · Human Fertility · doi:10.1080/14647273.2023.2288634 · Cited by 24
“Aromatase p450 enzyme is aberrantly expressed in eutopic endometrial tissue as well as ectopic endometrial implants (Noble et al., 1996).”
Expression patterns of the steroid receptor coactivator family in human ovarian endometriosis
熊耳, 敦., Ito, A., Yoshida‐Komiya, H., Fujimori, K., & Sato, A. (2011) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01509.x · Cited by 16
“Although P-450 aromatase is undetectable in normal endometrial and myometrial tissues,(4) its aberrant expression is described in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of some women with endometriosis.(5) The presence of certain molecules, such as aromatase”
BackgroundEffectiveness of aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma
Bogliolo, S., Gardella, B., Dominoni, M., Musacchi, V., Cassani, C., Zanellini, F., Silvestri, A. D., Gaggero, C. R., Babilonti, L., & Spinillo, A. (2015) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-015-3974-9 · Cited by 16
Medical management of endometriosis
Newmark, A., Luciano, D. E., Ulrich, A., & Luciano, A. A. (2021) · Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.23736/s2724-606x.21.04776-x · Cited by 16
Yu, C., Li, Y., Chen, H., Yang, S., & Xie, G. (2008) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.045 · Cited by 16
Koike, E., Yasuda, Y., Shiota, M., Shimaoka, M., Tsuritani, M., Konishi, H., Yamasaki, H., Okumoto, K., & Hoshiai, H. (2012) · Congenital Anomalies · doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2012.00383.x · Cited by 16
“…carcinoma (Tseng et al. 1984; Yamaki et al. 1985; Bulun et al. 1994a), uterine leiomyomas (Yamamoto et al. 1985; Bulun et al. 1994b), endometriosis (Noble et al. 1996; Kitawaki et al. 1997) and adenomyosis (Urabe et al. 1989; Yamamoto et al. 1993; Kitawaki et al. 1997) express aromatase activity…”
BackgroundInterleukin-11 enhances cell survival of decidualized normal human endometrial stromal cells
Tanaka, T., Sakamoto, T. F. C. B., Miyama, M., Ogita, S., & Umesaki, N. (2001) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/gye.15.4.272.278 · Cited by 16
Acién, P., Velasco, I., & Acién, M. (2021) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-021-01347-9 · Cited by 15
“Aromatase P450 (enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgens into estrogens) has been found both in endometriotic tissue as in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis [6, 26], and in endometriosis, there is also deficiency of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD2) (an enzyme that converts 17β-est…”
Background[Endometriosis: aetiopathogenetic basis].
Larosa, M., Facchini, F., Pozzoli, G., Leone, M., Grande, M. S., & Monica, B. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 15
Demographic and Clinical Features of Endometrial Polyps in Patients with Endometriosis
Wang, N., Zhang, Y., & Liu, B. (2016) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2016/1460793 · Cited by 15
“Additionally, previous research revealed that the expression patterns of estrogen receptor (ER) and aromatase are both altered in EM and EPs patients [26–28].”
BackgroundHilakivi-Clarke, L. A., & Clarke, R. C. (1998) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1006827229431 · Cited by 15
“Secondly, arachidonic acid, a metabolite of PUFAs, activates P450 aromatase that then increases conversion of androstenedione to estrone [26].”
BackgroundMicroanatomy and function of the eutopic endometrium in women with endometriosis
Al‐Jefout, M., Tokushige, N., Hey‐Cunningham, A. J., Manconi, F., Ng, C. H. M., Schulke, L., Berbic, M., Markham, R., & Is, F. (2008) · Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1586/17474108.4.1.61 · Cited by 15
Intron 1 and exon 1 alpha estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in women with endometriosis
Sato, H., Nogueira-de-Souza, N. C., D’Amora, P., da Silva, I. D. C. G., Girão, M. J. B. C., & Schor, E. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.023 · Cited by 15
“Enzyme alterations that increase estrogen action, including higher aromatase expression (13) and the absence of or lower expression of 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (14), have been described.”
BackgroundHilakivi-Clarke, L. A. (1997) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1023/a:1005983621612 · Cited by 15
Jones, C. J. P., Nardo, L. G., Litta, P., & Fazleabas, A. T. (2008) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719108324891 · Cited by 14
“Aromatase activity, not usually found in endometrium, and which catalyzes the conversion of C19 steroids to estrogens, has also been described in endometriotic lesions.(12,37,38) This enzyme-driven increase in endogenous oestrogen biosynthesis is thought to be one of the factors that sustain the endometriotic lesions,…”
BackgroundFree large sized intra-abdominal endometrioma in a postmenopausal woman: a case report
Naem, A., Shamandi, A., Alshiekh, A., & Alsaid, B. (2020) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-020-01054-x · Cited by 14
“It is estimated that retrograded endometrial cells duplicate the aromatase expression by 400 times [18, 19].”
BackgroundExpression of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in pelvic endometriosis
Carneiro, M. M., Morsch, D. M., Camargos, A. F., Spritzer, P. M., & dos Reis, F. M. (2007) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590701200850 · Cited by 14
“Endometriotic tissue expresses aromatase aberrantly [10], which could be viewed as an adjunctive factor for implant survival, but surely other mechanisms must be involved to allow endometriosis development.”
Gosset, A., Susini, M., Vidal, F., Gac, Y. T. L., Chantalat, É., Genre, L., & Trémollières, F. (2022) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.04.005 · Cited by 15
Bulun, S. E. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47912-7.00025-1 · Cited by 14
Self-citationMolecular Action of GnRH Analogues on Ectopic Endometrial Cells
Vignali, M. (1998) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000052845 · Cited by 13
Smad3/4 Binding to Promoter II of P450arom So As to Regulate Aromatase Expression in Endometriosis
Qu, J., Zhu, Y., Wu, X., Zheng, J., Hou, Z., Cui, Y., Mao, Y., & Liu, J. (2017) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719116681517 · Cited by 12
“Studies show that the P450arom is overexpressed in both eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with EM than in the endometrium of healthy women.(8-10) The local E2 levels in the endometrial and endometriotic tissue is higher than in the”
BackgroundEmerging bacterial factors for understanding pathogenesis of endometriosis
Muraoka, A., Yokoi, A., & Kajiyama, H. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.108739 · Cited by 14
“18 This localized increase in estrogen levels is known to inducethe proliferationof endometrial cells.”
BackgroundAromatase inhibitor (anastrozole) affects growth of endometrioma cells in culture
Badawy, S. Z. A., Brown, S. J., Kaufman, L., & Wojtowycz, M. (2015) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.01.009 · Cited by 12
“This has been found to be due to the presence of aromatase P450 enzyme in these endometriotic cells [11].”
BackgroundRole of adipocytokines in endometrial cancer progression
Li, R., Dong, F., Zhang, L., Ni, X., & Lin, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1090227 · Cited by 12
“P450arom, a key enzyme, is involved in the conversion of androstenedione to oestrogens (Noble et al., 1996).”
BackgroundNagayoshi, Y., Ohba, T., Yamamoto, H., Miyahara, Y., Tashiro, H., Katabuchi, H., & Okamura, H. (2005) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gah215 · Cited by 12
“Several studies have suggested that locally produced estrogen is involved in development of epithelial endometriosis within the highly estrogenic ovarian environment (Noble et al., 1996; Nisolle and Donnez, 1997; Ohtake et al., 1999).”
SULFATION PATHWAYS: Contribution of intracrine oestrogens to the aetiology of endometriosis
Piccinato, C. D. A., Malvezzi, H., Gibson, D. A., & Saunders, P. T. K. (2018) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-17-0297 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Noble, L. S., Simpson, E. R., Johns, A., & Bulun, S. E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Bulun, S E
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 174-179
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2023838867
- Cited by
- 566
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 17.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R-37AG08174, R37AG008174)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Keywords
- endometriosis, aromatase, P450arom, endometriotic implants, eutopic endometrium, estrogen synthesis, promoter usage, alternative splicing, tissue-specific gene expression, peritoneal endometriosis, aromatase mRNA expression
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aromatase, Base Sequence, Endometriosis, Endometrium, Female, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA, Messenger, Interleukin-6, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Interleukin-11
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