Endometriosis: its association with retrograde menstruation, dysmenorrhoea and tubal pathology
Abstract
Seventy-five women admitted for sterilization were laparoscoped during menstruation. Retrograde spillage of menstrual blood was observed in 76%. The occurrence of dysmenorrhoea was not associated with spillage of menstrual blood, observed endometriosis or tubal pathology. Mild or stage I endometriosis was detected in 43% of all the women but in only 54% of those who had retrograde spill. Retrograde spill was seen in 97% of those with endometriosis. A significant association (P less than 0.001) was found between endometriosis and tubal damage not due to endometriosis. The implication of these findings are discussed.
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Retrograde menstruation occurs in 76%-90% of reproductive-age women.
“This is critical to elucidate why only 10% of women develop endometriosis although the phenomenon of retrograde menstruation occurs in 76%-90% of reproductive-age women (94)(95)(96).”
From Biomarkers in endometriosis: Challenges and opportunities (2017) · cites this paper as [95]
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- Authors
- LIU, D. T. Y., & HITCHCOCK, A.
- Affiliations
- Queen's Medical Centre (GB)
- Corresponding author
- LIU, D. T. Y.
- Venue
- BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1986-08
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 859-862
- ISSN
- 0306-5456 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-0328
- 1471-0528
- OpenAlex
- W2161413642
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Keywords
- endometriosis, retrograde menstruation, dysmenorrhea, tubal pathology, sterilization, laparoscopy, tubal damage
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Dysmenorrhea, Endometriosis, Fallopian Tubes, Female, Humans, Menstruation Disturbances, Middle Aged
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