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Cited by 114Pancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes and associated disordersDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Contribution of Insulin Secretion and Clearance to Glucose-Induced Insulin Concentration in African-American and Caucasian Children

Gower, Barbara A., Granger, Wesley M., Franklin, Frank, Shewchuk, Richard M., Goran, Michael I.·2002·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jcem.87.5.8498
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Abstract

Relative to Caucasians (C), African-American (AA) children and adults have lower indices of insulin sensitivity (S(i)) and a higher acute insulin response to glucose (AIR(g)). Among AA children, AIR(g) is greater than that which would be predicted based on lower S(i). The objectives of the present study were 1) to determine whether insulin secretory parameters differ in AA vs. C children and adolescents using C-peptide modeling, 2) to determine whether hepatic insulin extraction differs with ethnicity/race using the C-peptide to insulin molar ratio, and 3) to determine whether the relatively greater AIR(g) among African-Americans is due to greater insulin secretion or lesser clearance. Subjects (n = 76) were AA and C children (mean age, approximately 11 yr). A 3-h tolbutamide-modified iv glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling were used to determine S(i) and AIR(g). First phase C-peptide/insulin secretion and basal, first, and second phase beta-cell sensitivity to glucose were determined using C-peptide modeling with standard kinetic parameters developed in adults. The incremental C-peptide to insulin molar ratio over the 3-h test period, an index of hepatic insulin extraction, was calculated with the trapezoidal method. S(i) was lower and AIR(g) was higher in AA vs. C children. First phase C-peptide/insulin secretion and first phase beta-cell sensitivity to glucose were approximately 2-fold greater in AA vs. C children (P < 0.001); there were no between-group differences in basal or second phase beta-cell sensitivity to glucose. Hepatic insulin extraction was lower in AA vs. C (3.77 +/- 1.78% vs. 5.99 +/- 2.18%; P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression modeling indicated that first phase C-peptide/insulin secretion and hepatic insulin extraction contributed independently to AIR(g); however, it was only first phase C-peptide/insulin secretion that explained the significant independent contribution of ethnicity/race to AIR(g) after adjusting for S(i). The results of this study suggest that greater AIR(g) among AA is due to both greater insulin secretion and lesser hepatic insulin extraction, and that AIR(g) above that predicted based on lower S(i) is due to greater insulin secretion. The insulin secretion data await verification that the kinetic parameters used apply to children and AA.

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  1. Gower, 2000, Immunoreactive insulin, specific insulin, and proinsulin in African-American and Caucasian children, Diabetes, 49, A297

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Metadata

Authors
Gower, B. A., Granger, W. M., Franklin, F., Shewchuk, R. M., & Goran, M. I.
Affiliations
University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author
Gower, Barbara A.
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
2002-05-01
Volume
87
Issue
5
Pages
2218-2224
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/jcem.87.5.8498
OpenAlex
W2152805454
Cited by
114
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
FWCI
6.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01hl033064-05, 5r29hd032668-05)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058278, R01 DK58278, P30-DK56336, P30DK056336)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01RR00032, M01RR000032)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R29-HD-32668, R01 HD/HL-33064)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
insulin secretion, insulin clearance, hepatic insulin extraction, acute insulin response to glucose, insulin sensitivity, first-phase insulin secretion, racial differences, African American children, children and adolescents, glucose tolerance test
MeSH terms
Insulin Secretion, Adolescent, Black or African American, C-Peptide, Child, Female, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Liver, Male, Osmolar Concentration, Regression Analysis, Black People, White People

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