Difference in dietary intake between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls
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Objective To test the hypothesis that the dietary intake and dietary composition of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with indices of glycemic status. We hypothesized that women with PCOS would consume a diet higher in total energy, fat, and specific foods with a high glycemic index than would healthy, control-group women and that dietary composition would be associated with indices of insulin resistance and secretion among women with PCOS. Design Cohort study. Setting Research center on a university campus. Patient(s) Thirty women with PCOS and 27 healthy, age-, race-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched control women. Intervention(s) None. Main outcome measure(s) Nutrient intake data were collected from a food questionnaire and a 4-day food record. Fasting sera were analyzed for concentrations of insulin and glucose; estimates of insulin resistance were calculated. Result(s) Consumption of total energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and high glycemic index foods was similar between the groups. However, the PCOS group consumed significantly more white bread (7.9 +/- 4.4 vs. 5.5 +/- 2.9 servings over 4 days) and tended to consume more fried potatoes than did the control group (1.0 +/- 1.5 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.7 servings over 4 days). The PCOS group had a significantly greater fasting insulin concentration (22.5 +/- 14.9 vs. 15.1 +/- 8.3 muIU/mL) and a significantly lower glucose-to-insulin ratio (4.7 +/- 2.1 vs. 7.6 +/- 5.2) than the control group. Within the PCOS group, HOMA-IR and HOMA-%beta-cell function were significantly associated with BMI. The HOMA-IR, HOMA-%beta-cell, fasting insulin, and glucose-to-insulin ratio were not positively associated with measures of diet composition. Conclusion(s) Compared with matched control women, women with PCOS exhibited a dietary pattern that was marked by consumption of a greater amount of specific foods with a high glycemic index; however, diet composition was not associated with the greater fasting insulin concentration or with lower glucose-to-insulin ratio that was observed in the PCOS group.
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The correlation between BMI and insulin resistance has also been observed in controls without PCOS.
“Yet the correlation between BMI and insulin resistance has also been observed in controls without PCOS [10,29]”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
Observational studies that included BMI-matched controls still identified a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with PCOS, irrespective of BMI.
“observational studies that included BMI-matched controls still identified a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with PCOS, irrespective of BMI [10,21,28,29,30,31].”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
Individuals with PCOS have significantly higher glucose concentrations, post-load glucose, insulin concentrations, post-load insulin, and insulin resistance than individuals without PCOS.
“Individuals with PCOS have presented with significantly higher glucose concentrations [21], post-load glucose [10,20,28], insulin concentrations [10,15,20,21,22,24,29,30], post-load insulin [10,25,31], and insulin resistance [10,14,20,21,29] than individuals without PCOS.”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
HOMA-IR is positively associated with BMI among individuals with PCOS.
“the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a marker of insulin resistance, has been positively associated with BMI [10,20,23,29] among individuals with PCOS.”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
Douglas and colleagues (2006) observed that, although total energy and macro- and micronutrient intakes were similar, PCOS women had a significantly higher intake of high glycaemic index foods than age- and BMI-matched controls.
“Douglas and colleagues (2006) estimated the dietary intake in women with PCOS by using both a multiple-choice food questionnaire and a four-day food record and observed that, although the intake of total energy and macro- and micronutrients were similar, PCOS women had a significantly higher intake of high glycaemic index foods (mainly white bread and fried potatoes) than age- and body mass index”
From Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Patterns and Body Composition in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Douglas, C. C., Norris, L. E., Oster, R. A., Darnell, B. E., Azziz, R., & Gower, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Douglas, Crystal C.
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 411-417
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2167631142
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK056336)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000032)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD029364, K24-HD011346)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, dietary intake, glycemic index, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, glucose-to-insulin ratio, beta-cell function, fried potatoes, macronutrient intake, body mass index, HOMA-IR
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Adult, Blood Glucose, Bread, Cooking, Diet, Fasting, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Osmolar Concentration, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Solanum tuberosum, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Insulin-Secreting Cells
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