Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys
Open accessAbstract
Mixed longitudinal data on the physical changes at puberty in 228 normal boys are presented together with normal standards for stages of genital and pubic hair development. The genitalia began to develop between the ages 9½ years and 13½ years in 95% of boys (mean = 11.6 ± 0.09) and reached maturity at ages varying between 13 and 17 (mean = 14.9 ± 1.10). The age at which pubic hair first appeared was not accurately determined, but its development through the later stages was studied. It reached the equivalent of an adult female distribution at a mean age of 15.2 ± 0.01 years. On average the genitalia reached the adult stage 3.0 years after they first began to develop; but some boys completed this development in as little as 1.8 years while others took as much as 4.7 years. Some boys complete the whole process in less time than others take to go from Stage G2 to Stage G3. The genitalia begin to develop before pubic hair is visible in photographs in practically all boys. The 41 boys in whom it could be studied reached their maximum rate of growth (peak height velocity) at a mean age of 14.1 ± 0.14 years. Very few boys (about 5%) reached peak height velocity before their genitalia were in Stage 4 and over 20% did not do so until their genitalia were adult. Peak height velocity is reached, on the average, nearly 2 years later in boys than in girls, but the boys9 genitalia begin to develop only about 6 months later than the girls9 breasts. Pubic hair appears about 1½ years later in boys than in girls.
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The landmark studies of Marshall and Tanner (1969) classified puberty into five stages in girls and boys on the basis of somatic changes in breast, pubic hair, and genital development, and have been widely used to assess puberty development.
“The landmark studies of Marshall and Tanner (1969), which classified puberty into five stages in girls and boys on the basis of somatic changes in breast, pubic hair, and genital development, have been widely used to assess puberty development.3,4”
From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- Marshall, W. A., & Tanner, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- ORCID
- Marshall, W. A.
- Venue
- Archives of Disease in Childhood
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1970-02-01
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 239
- Pages
- 13-23
- ISSN
- 0003-9888 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2044
- PMC
- PMC2020414
- OpenAlex
- W1965561480
- Cited by
- 5,147
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 146 · 2025: 191 · 2024: 184 · 2023: 215 · 2022: 258 · 2021: 253 · 2020: 255 · 2019: 271 · 2018: 228 · 2017: 199 · 2016: 206 · 2015: 211 · 2014: 192 · 2013: 195 · 2012: 191
- FWCI
- 10.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Disease in Childhood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Nuffield Foundation
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Human Health and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- puberty, boys, genital development, pubic hair development, pubertal stage, peak height velocity, sexual maturation, longitudinal growth data
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Anthropometry, Body Height, Child, Genitalia, Male, Hair, Humans, Male, Puberty, Time Factors
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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