The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gender, cognitive decline, and risk of AD in older persons
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies suggest gender differences in cognitive function and risk of AD in older persons. However, longitudinal studies comparing change in cognitive function and risk of AD in men and women have had mixed results. The authors investigated gender differences in rate of decline for different cognitive systems and for risk of developing AD. METHODS: Participants were from the Religious Orders Study, a longitudinal, clinical-pathologic study of aging and AD in older Catholic nuns, priests, and brothers. Longitudinal data were available from 577 older women and 271 older men, who completed an average of 5.8 annual evaluations with more than 95% follow-up participation in survivors. The evaluations included 21 neuropsychological tests, from which summary measures of global cognitive function and 5 functional domains were formed, and clinical classification of AD. RESULTS: Random effects models were used to analyze change in cognitive function, and proportional hazards models were used to assess risk of incident AD. On average, men and women declined in all abilities during the 8-year period but did not differ in annual rates of change in analyses that controlled for age, education, and initial level of cognitive function. Risk of incident AD did not differ between men and women. Furthermore, results were unchanged after controlling for possession of the apolipoprotein-epsilon4 allele. Duration of estrogen use was related to rate of global cognitive decline and visuospatial abilities in women but did not influence comparisons between men and women in cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that patterns of cognitive decline and incidence of AD are similar in older men and women.
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“Baseline age (years), gender, and educational level (years) are all well-established covariates of late-life cognitive function (Barnes et al., 2003;Tervo et al., 2004;Tilvis et al., 2004) and were controlled for in all analyses.”
From Living alone and cognitive function in later life (2019) · cites this paper as Barnes et al., 2003
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“which are established covariates of late-life cognition [35–37].”
From Social isolation, cognitive reserve, and cognition in healthy older people (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
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Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project
Bennett, D. A., Buchman, A. S., Boyle, P. A., Barnes, L. L., Wilson, R. S., & Schneider, J. A. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-179939 · Cited by 1,260
Self-citation2014 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2014) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.02.001 · Cited by 1,064
Metadata
- Authors
- Barnes, L. L., Wilson, R. S., Schneider, J. A., Bienias, J. L., Evans, D. A., & Bennett, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2003-06-10
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1777-1781
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2100757681
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-15819, AG 10161, P30AG010161)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, gender differences, cognitive decline, older adults, Religious Orders Study, APOE ε4, estrogen use, visuospatial ability, cognitive aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Incidence
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