The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Classification of vascular dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the diagnostic classification of subjects with incident vascular dementia (VaD) participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Cognition Study. METHODS: The CHS classified 480 incident cases between 1994 and 1999 among 3,608 CHS participants who had brain MRI in 1992 through 1994 and in 1997 through 1998. The patients were diagnosed before and after reviewing the brain MRI. RESULTS: The pre-MRI classification showed that 52 participants had VaD and 76 had both Alzheimer disease (AD) and VaD. The post-MRI classification showed that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria classified 61 subjects as having VaD, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences (NINDS-AIREN) criteria classified 43 subjects as having probable VaD and 10 as possible VaD, and the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Center (ADDTC) criteria classified 117 as having probable VaD and 96 as possible. The combination of the ADDTC and National Institute of Neurological and Communication Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria was used to examine the spectrum of vascular disease in dementia. The dementia was attributable to only vascular factors in 56 cases (probable VaD); VaD coexisted with AD in 61 cases, although the VaD component was the leading cause of dementia (probable VaD with AD); AD was the leading cause of dementia in 61 cases (possible VaD and probable AD); and in 29 cases, it was not clear that either AD or VaD was the primary diagnosis (possible AD and possible VaD). CONCLUSIONS: None of the clinical criteria for VaD identified the same group of subjects. The diagnosis of vascular dementia is difficult in epidemiologic studies because poststroke dementia can be due to Alzheimer disease (AD) and evidence of vascular disease can be found in the MRI of dementia cases without clinical strokes. Whether the clinical progression is related to AD pathology or vascular disease is difficult to establish.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The cognitive tests for VCI are, to a degree, nonspecific for vascular disease, and different criteria for VaD identify different sets of people.29”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A., & Gornbein, J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 · Cited by 7,568 · cited 2×
“Incident stroke (%) 85 (4) 13 (5) 26 (63) 13 (24) 6 (22) 17 (35) A”
Román, G. C., Tatemichi, T. K., Erkinjuntti, T., Cummings, J. L., Masdeu, J. C., Garcia, J. H., Amaducci, L., Orgogozo, J.-M., Brun, A., Hofman, A., et al. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.2.250 · Cited by 4,921
. Cerebral blood flow in dementia.
Hachinski, V. C., Iliff, L. D., Zilhka, E., Du Boulay, G. H., McAllister, V. L., Marshall, J., Russell, R. W. R., & Symon, L. (1975) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1975.00490510088009 · Cited by 3,186
(1987) · PubMed · Cited by 2,657
Katz, S. (1963) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1963.03060120024016 · Cited by 2,421
Observations on the brains of demented old people
Tomlinson, B. E., Blessed, G., & Roth, M. (1970) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(70)90063-8 · Cited by 2,084
Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias
Rosen, W. G., Terry, R. D., Fuld, P. A., Katzman, R., & Peck, A. (1980) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410070516 · Cited by 1,273
Chui, H. C., Victoroff, J. I., Margolin, D., Jagust, W., Shankle, R., & Katzman, R. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.3.473 · Cited by 1,201
Self-citationFried, L. P. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.8.585 · Cited by 1,107
Jorm, A. F., & Jacomb, P. A. (1989) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700005742 · Cited by 1,104
Ott, A., Breteler, M. M. B., van Harskamp, F., Claus, J. J., van der Cammen, T. J. M., Grobbee, D. E., & Hofman, A. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6985.970 · Cited by 792
Longstreth, W. T. (1998) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.55.9.1217 · Cited by 573
Fratiglioni, L., Viitanen, M., von Strauss, E., Tontodonati, V., Herlitz, A., & Winblad, B. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.1.132 · Cited by 556
Fillenbaum, G. G. (1985) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1985.tb01779.x · Cited by 511
Incidence and Risk of Dementia: The Rotterdam study
Ott, A., Breteler, M. M. B., Harskamp, F. V., Stijnen, T., & Hofman, A. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009489 · Cited by 455 · cited 1×
“Prevalent stroke (%) 86 (4) 3 (1) 15 (27) 6 (10) 2 (7) 12 (20) F”
The Effect of Different Diagnostic Criteria on the Prevalence of Dementia
Erkinjuntti, T., Østbye, T., Steenhuis, R., & Hachinski, V. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199712043372306 · Cited by 450
Dementia after stroke: Baseline frequency, risks, and clinical features in a hospitalized cohort
Tatemichi, T. K., Desmond, D. W., Mayeux, R., Paik, M., Stern, Y., Sano, M., Remien, R. H., Williams, J. B. W., Mohr, J. P., Hauser, W. A., et al. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.6.1185 · Cited by 420
Dual-task performance in dysexecutive and nondysexecutive patients with a frontal lesion.
Baddeley, A., Sala, S. D., Papagno, C., & Spinnler, H. R. (1997) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037//0894-4105.11.2.187 · Cited by 414
Distinctive cognitive profiles in Alzheimer's disease and subcortical vascular dementia.
Graham, N. L., Emery, T., & Hodges, J. R. (2004) · PubMed Central · Cited by 393
Prevalence and outcomes of vascular cognitive impairment
Rockwood, K., Wentzel, C., Hachinski, V., Hogan, D. B., MacKnight, C., McDowell, I., & for the Vascular Cognitive Impairment Investigators of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.2.447 · Cited by 389
Clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: Autopsy results in 150 cases
Joachim, C. L., Morris, J. H., & Selkoe, D. J. (1988) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410240110 · Cited by 362
Cerebrovascular Pathology and Dementia in Autopsied Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study Participants
WHITE, L., PETROVITCH, H., HARDMAN, J., NELSON, J., DAVIS, D. G., ROSS, G. W., MASAKI, K., LAUNER, L., & MARKESBERY, W. R. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04794.x · Cited by 357
Hénon, H., Durieu, I., Guerouaou, D., Lebert, F., Pasquier, F., & Leys, D. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.7.1216 · Cited by 350
Neuropathological assessment of the lesions of significance in vascular dementia
Esiri, M. M., Wilcock, G. K., & Morris, J. H. (1997) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.63.6.749 · Cited by 347
California Verbal Learning Test--Second Edition
Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (1987) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t15072-000 · Cited by 347
Pohjasvaara, T., Erkinjuntti, T., Vataja, R., & Kaste, M. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.4.785 · Cited by 328
Relationship Between ApoE, MRI Findings, and Cognitive Function in the Cardiovascular Health Study
Kuller, L. H., Shemanski, L. R., Manolio, T. A., Haan, M. N., Fried, L. P., Bryan, R. N., Burke, G. L., Tracy, R. P., & Bhadelia, R. A. (1998) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.29.2.388 · Cited by 313
Self-citationRisk Factors for Dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study
Kuller, L. H., López, O. L., Newman, A. B., Beauchamp, N. J., Burke, G. L., Dulberg, C. S., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Fried, L. P., & Haan, M. N. (2003) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000067109 · Cited by 296
Self-citationWetterling, T., Kanitz, R.-D., & Borgis, K.-J. (1996) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.27.1.30 · Cited by 266
Clinical Criteria for the Diagnosis of Vascular Dementia
Chui, H. C., Mack, W. J., Jackson, J. E., Mungas, D., Reed, B. R., Tinklenberg, J. R., Chang, F., Skinner, K., Tasaki, C., & Jagust, W. (2000) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.57.2.191 · Cited by 250
Self-citationEvaluation of Dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study
López, O. L., Kuller, L. H., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Ives, D. G., Becker, J. T., & Beauchamp, N. (2003) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000067110 · Cited by 239
Self-citationA Validation Study of the Dementia Questionnaire
Kawas, C. H., Segal, J., Stewart, W. F., Corrada, M. M., & Thal, L. J. (1994) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1994.00540210073015 · Cited by 231
Self-citationVascular Dementia in a Population-Based Autopsy Study
Knopman, D. S., Parisi, J. E., Boeve, B. F., Cha, R. H., Apaydın, H., Salviati, A., Edland, S. D., & Rocca, W. A. (2003) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.60.4.569 · Cited by 222
Clinicopathological Validation Study of Four Sets of Clinical Criteria for Vascular Dementia
Gold, G., Bouras, C., Canuto, A., Bergallo, M. F., Herrmann, F. R., Hof, P. R., Mayor, P.-A., Michel, J.-P., & Giannakopoulos, P. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.82 · Cited by 217
Islington study of dementia subtypes in the community
Stevens, T., Livingston, G., Kitchen, G., Manela, M., Walker, Z., & Katona, C. (2002) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.180.3.270 · Cited by 211
Bryan, R. N., Manolio, T. A., Schertz, L. D., Jungreis, C. A., Poirier, V. C., Elster, A. D., & Kronmal, R. A. (1994) · PubMed Central · Cited by 205
Research evaluation and diagnosis of possible Alzheimer’s disease over the last two decades: II
López, O. L., Becker, J. T., Klunk, W. E., Saxton, J. A., Hamilton, R. L., Kaufer, D., Sweet, R. A., MELTZER, C. C., Wisniewski, S. R., Kamboh, M. I., et al. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.12.1863 · Cited by 188
Self-citationOperational Definitions for the NINDS-AIREN Criteria for Vascular Dementia
van Straaten, E. C. W., Scheltens, P., Knol, D. L., van Buchem, M. A., van Dijk, E. J., Hofman, P. A. M., Karas, G. B., Kjartansson, Ó., de Leeuw, F., Prins, N. D., et al. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000083050.44441.10 · Cited by 178
Research evaluation and diagnosis of probable Alzheimer’s disease over the last two decades: I
López, O. L., Becker, J. T., Klunk, W. E., Saxton, J. A., Hamilton, R. L., Kaufer, D., Sweet, R. A., MELTZER, C. C., Wisniewski, S. R., Kamboh, M. I., et al. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.12.1854 · Cited by 157
Self-citationGallos, J. J., & Breitner, J. C. S. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700033183 · Cited by 155
Self-citationClinical-neuropathologic findings in multi-infarct dementia: A report of six autopsied cases
Hulette, C., Nochlin, D., McKeel, D., Morris, J. C., Mirra, S. S., Sumi, S. M., & Heyman, A. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.3.668 · Cited by 138
Angular Gyrus Syndrome Simulating Alzheimer's Disease
Benson, D. F., Cummings, J. L., & Tsai, S. Y. (1982) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1982.00510220014003 · Cited by 129
Prevalence of Dementia and Dementing Diseases in Japan
Meguro, K., Ishii, H., Yamaguchi, S., Ishizaki, J., Shimada, M., Sato, M., Hashimoto, R., Shimada, Y., Meguro, M., Yamadori, A., et al. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.7.1109 · Cited by 127
Normal Rates of Forgetting of Verbal and Non-Verbal Material in Alzheimer's Disease
Becker, J. T., Boller, F., Saxton, J. A., & McGonigle-Gibson, K. L. (1987) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(87)80019-9 · Cited by 126
Self-citationAltieri, M., Piero, V. D., Pasquini, M., Gasparini, M., Vanacore, N., Vicenzini, E., & Lenzi, G. L. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000130501.79012.1a · Cited by 121
Severity of Vascular Dementia Is Related to Volume of Metabolically Impaired Tissue
Mielke, R., Herholz, K., Grond, M., Kessler, J., & Heiß, W.-D. (1992) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1992.00530330031011 · Cited by 110
Schmidt, W., Roesler, A., Kretzschmar, K., Ladwig, K., Junker, R., & Berger, K. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52300.x · Cited by 85
Incidence of Vascular Dementia in Rochester, Minn, 1985-1989
Knopman, D. S., Rocca, W. A., Cha, R. H., Edland, S. D., & Kokmen, E. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.10.1605 · Cited by 79
Equivalent forms of the boston naming test
Huff, F. J. (1986) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688638608405175 · Cited by 75
Cognitive and motor‐sensory performances in toxic and nontoxic epileptic subjects
Matthews, C. G., & Harley, J. P. (1975) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.25.2.184 · Cited by 65
Vascular pathology in three cases of progressive cognitive deterioration
Pantoni, L., García, J. H., & Brown, G. G. (1996) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(95)00273-5 · Cited by 58
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press 1994.
- Benton AL. The visual retention test as a constructional praxis task. Confin Neurol 1967;29:1–16.
- Benton AL. Differential behavioral effects in frontal lobe disease. Neuropsychologia 1968;6:53–60.
- Reitan RM. Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percep Mot Skills 1958;8:271–276.
- 10.1037/0894-4105.11.2.187 · DOI
- Heaton RK Grant I Matthews CG. Differences in neuropsychological test performance associated with age education and sex. In: Grant I Adams MK eds. Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders. New York: Oxford University Press 1986:100–120.
- Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley 1981.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gorelick, P. B., Scuteri, A., Black, S. E., DeCarli, C., Greenberg, S. M., Iadecola, C., Launer, L. J., Laurent, S., Lopez, O. L., Nyenhuis, D., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e3182299496 · Cited by 3,811
Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons
Schneider, J. A., Arvanitakis, Z., Bang, W., & Bennett, D. A. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000271090.28148.24 · Cited by 1,992
Raji, C. A., Ho, A. J., Parikshak, N., Becker, J. T., López, O. L., Kuller, L. H., Hua, X., Leow, A., Toga, A. W., & Thompson, P. M. (2009) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20870 · Cited by 685
Self-citationBennett, D. A., Schneider, J. A., Aggarwal, N. T., Arvanitakis, Z., Shah, R. C., Kelly, J. F., Fox, J. H., Cochran, E. J., Arends, D., Treinkman, A., et al. (2006) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000096129 · Cited by 411
Pathology and pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment—a critical update
Jellinger, K. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2013.00017 · Cited by 353
Metadata
- Authors
- Lopez, O. L., Kuller, L. H., Becker, J. T., Jagust, W. J., DeKosky, S. T., Fitzpatrick, A., Breitner, J., Lyketsos, C., Kawas, C., & Carlson, M.
- Affiliations
- From the Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (Drs. Lopez, Becker, and DeKosky), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology (Dr. Kuller), University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, PA, University of California at Berkeley (W.J. Jagust), Department of Biostatistics (Dr. Fitzpatrick), University of Washington, and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (Dr. Breitner), Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA,...
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2005-05-10
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1539-1547
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W1974020386
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 7.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc085082-026, n01hc085081-021, n01hc085079-024, n01hc015103-009, n01hc085084-005, n01hc085085-011, n01hc085083-027, n01hc085080-026, n01hc085086-022, n01hc035129-010)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 20098, AG-15928, R01AG015928)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-85081, N01HC85085, N01HC-85083, N01HC15103, N01HC85082, N01 HC85086, N01HC85080, N01-HC85079, N01-HC85084, N01HC35129)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH07033)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
- Keywords
- vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia classification, diagnostic criteria, brain MRI, post-stroke dementia, vascular disease, Cardiovascular Health Study, NINDS-AIREN criteria, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, mixed dementia
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Cerebral Arteries, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, United States, Dementia, Vascular, Cohort Studies, Disease Progression, Stroke
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
