Incidence and Risk of Dementia: The Rotterdam study
Abstract
To assess age-, sex-, and subtype-specific incidence rates of dementia and to calculate the risk of dementia, the authors performed a large, community-based, prospective cohort study on dementia as part of the Rotterdam Study. Participants were recruited among residents of a suburb of Rotterdam, aged 55 years and older. Baseline examinations took place between 1990 and 1993. The average follow-up was 2.1 years. Screening for dementia followed a three-stage protocol. Medical records of subjects who had died or could not be examined in person were evaluated. Of 7,046 subjects who were nondemented at baseline, 162 developed dementia during 15,135 person-years of follow-up, resulting in an overall incidence rate of 10.7 per 1,000 person-years. From the youngest to the oldest 5-year age category, the incidence rate increased from 0.6 to 97.2 per 1,000 person-years. Only in men did the increase level off after age 85. Overall, the incidence rate per 1,000 person-years was 7.7 for Alzheimer's disease and 1.5 for vascular dementia. Dementia incidence rates and dementia-free Kaplan-Meier survival tables were used to calculate age- and sex-specific cumulative risks of dementia. Although the incidence rates of men and women up to age 85 were similar, the lifetime risk of dementia for 55-year-old women was twice as high as for men (0.33 vs. 0.16), reflecting both the higher life expectancy of women and the higher dementia risk at very old age.
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Aging is a common risk factor for developing AD and cancer.
“Aging is a common risk factor for developing AD and cancer (6,7).”
From Alzheimer's Disease–Associated Amyloid-β Precursor Protein Prevents Aging Stress–Induced Mitophagy and Fumarate Depletion to Improve Antitumor Immunity (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
The Results report that Alzheimer’s disease incidence increased strongly with age, supporting the AD portion of the claim. The passages from this paper do not address cancer, so they do not support aging as a cancer risk factor. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Hippocampal Head Size Associated with Verbal Memory Performance in Nondemented Elderly
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Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Disorders
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Is Age-related Maculopathy Associated with Alzheimer's Disease?: The Rotterdam Study
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Methusaleh's Zoo: How Nature provides us with Clues for Extending Human Health Span
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- Authors
- Ott, A., Breteler, M. M. B., Harskamp, F. V., Stijnen, T., & Hofman, A.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Ott, A.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-03-15
- Volume
- 147
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 574-580
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2039379003
- Cited by
- 455
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 15.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- dementia incidence, dementia risk, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, age-specific incidence, sex differences, lifetime risk, older adults, Rotterdam Study
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dementia, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Prospective Studies, Risk, Incidence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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