Cited by 338Cerebrovascular and genetic disordersDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

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Presence and progression of white matter hyperintensities and cognition: A meta-analysis

Kloppenborg, Raoul P., Nederkoorn, Paul J., Geerlings, Mirjam I., van den Berg, Esther·2014·Neurology

DOI 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000505

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify the effects of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on specific cognitive functions with particular attention to WMH progression and localization. METHODS: PubMed (January 1990-July 2013) and bibliographies from included articles were used. Studies that were included (1) used MRI; (2) had a population-based or case-control design with a healthy control group that could be used for analysis; (3) matched/adjusted for age, sex, and education; and (4) addressed ≥1 predefined cognitive domains with ≥1 validated neuropsychological tests. Data were independently extracted by 2 investigators. Pearson r was extracted/calculated and used as the common metric for the effect size across studies. RESULTS: Twenty-three cross-sectional and 14 longitudinal studies were included with a total of 8,685 and 7,731 participants. Presence of WMHs was significantly associated with concurrent cognitive deficits in all examined domains: general intelligence (Fisher z -0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.19 to -0.04), memory (-0.08, -0.13 to -0.06), processing speed (-0.11, -0.17 to -0.07), attention and executive functions (-0.11, -0.16 to -0.07), and perception/construction (-0.15, -0.21 to -0.07). Similar effect sizes were observed for cognitive decline over time. WMH progression was associated with greater cognitive decline, particularly for general intelligence (Fisher z -0.31, 95% CI -0.5 to -0.02) and attention and executive functions (-0.32, -0.34 to -0.28). CONCLUSIONS: The small but robust and consistent effects of WMHs on all cognitive domains suggest a more global effect on cognition than previously thought. Progression of WMHs was associated with even worse cognitive functioning, most pronounced in attention and executive functioning.

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Authors: Kloppenborg, R. P., Nederkoorn, P. J., Geerlings, M. I., & van den Berg, E.
Affiliations: Utrecht University (NL)
From the Department of Neurology (R.P.K., P.J.N.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.P.K., M.I.G.) and Department of Neurology (R.P.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Experimental Psychology (E.v.d.B.), Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University; and the Department of Neurology (E.v.d.B.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
ORCID: Nederkoorn, Paul J.
Geerlings, Mirjam I.
Venue: Neurology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2014-06-10
Volume: 82
Issue: 23
Pages: 2127-2138
ISSN: 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
1526-632X
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000505
OpenAlex: W2054692171
Cited by: 338
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 2.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords: white matter hyperintensities, cognitive decline, cognitive domain, general intelligence, memory, processing speed, attention, executive function, brain MRI
MeSH terms: Cognition Disorders, Humans, Disease Progression, Leukoencephalopathies

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Presence and progression of white matter hyperintensities and cognition: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks