A Randomized Trial of a Web‐Based Intervention to Improve Migraine Self‐Management and Coping
Open accessAbstract
Objective.— To test the clinical efficacy of a web‐based intervention designed to increase patient self‐efficacy to perform headache self‐management activities and symptom management strategies, and reduce migraine‐related psychological distress. Background.— In spite of their demonstrated efficacy, behavioral interventions are used infrequently as an adjunct in medical treatment of migraine. Little clinical attention is paid to the behavioral factors that can help manage migraine more effectively and improve the quality of care and quality of life. Access to evidenced‐based, tailored, behavioral treatment is limited for many people with migraine. Design.— The study is a parallel group design with 2 conditions: (1) an experimental group exposed to the web intervention; and (2) a no‐treatment control group that was not exposed to the intervention. Assessments for both groups were conducted at baseline (T1), 1‐month (T2), 3‐months (T3), and 6‐months (T4). Results.— Compared with controls, participants in the experimental group reported significantly: increased headache self‐efficacy, increased use of relaxation, increased use of social support, decreased pain catastrophizing, decreased depression, and decreased stress. The hypothesis that the intervention would reduce pain could not be tested. Conclusions.— Demonstrated increases in self‐efficacy to perform headache self‐management, increased use of positive symptom management strategies, and reported decreased migraine‐related depression and stress suggest that the intervention may be a useful behavioral adjunct to a comprehensive medical approach to managing migraine.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
An RCT by Bromberg et al assessed a web-based intervention for migraine self-management and coping, revealing improvements in multiple outcomes, including depression, stress, headache self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, and coping strategies, although without changes in anxiety and disability.
“An RCT by Bromberg et al [105] assessed a web-based intervention for migraine self-management and coping, revealing improvements in multiple outcomes, including depression, stress, headache self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, and coping strategies, although without changes in anxiety and disability.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8,899 · see citing works
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S. R., & Pivik, J. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.7.4.524 · Cited by 8,227 · see citing works
(1995) · Cited by 6,909 · see citing works
Farrar, J. T., Young, J. P., LaMoreaux, L., Werth, J. L., & Poole, M. R. (2001) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00349-9 · Cited by 5,808 · see citing works
Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176 · Cited by 4,874 · see citing works
Dworkin, R. H., Turk, D. C., Wyrwich, K. W., Beaton, D., Cleeland, C. S., Farrar, J. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Jensen, M. P., Kerns, R. D., Ader, D. N., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2007.09.005 · Cited by 3,471 · see citing works
Moher, D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.15.1987 · Cited by 2,545 · see citing works
Migraine prevalence, disease burden, and the need for preventive therapy
Lipton, R. B., Bigal, M. E., Diamond, M., Freitag, F., Reed, M. L., & Stewart, W. F. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000252808.97649.21 · Cited by 2,337 · see citing works
ECDEU Assessment Manual: (591322011-001)
Guy, W. (1976) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e591322011-001 · Cited by 1,896 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in clinical samples
Brown, T. A., Chorpita, B. F., Korotitsch, W., & Barlow, D. H. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00068-x · Cited by 1,860 · see citing works
Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2003) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466503321903544 · Cited by 1,756 · see citing works
Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce
Stewart, W. F. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.18.2443 · Cited by 1,570 · see citing works
Chronic Disease Self-Management Program: 2-Year Health Status and Health Care Utilization Outcomes
Lorig, K. R., Ritter, P., Stewart, A. L., Sobel, D. S., William Brown, B., Bandura, A., Gonzalez, V. M., Laurent, D. D., & Holman, H. R. (2001) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200111000-00008 · Cited by 1,484 · see citing works
Psychological factors in chronic pain: Evolution and revolution.
Turk, D. C., & Okifuji, A. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.3.678 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Psychological factors in chronic pain: Evolution and revolution
Turk, D. C., & Okifuji, A. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.3.678 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Wantland, D. J., Portillo, C. J., Holzemer, W. L., Slaughter, R., & McGhee, E. M. (2004) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6.4.e40 · Cited by 966 · see citing works
Defining Internet-Supported Therapeutic Interventions
Barak, A., Klein, B., & Proudfoot, J. G. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9130-7 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Guidelines for Controlled Trials of Drugs in Migraine: Second Edition
International Headache Society Clinical Trials Subcommittee, Tfelt-Hansen, P., Block, G., Dahlöf, C., Diener, H.-C., Ferrari, M., Goadsby, P., Guidetti, V, Jones, B., Lipton, R., et al. (2000) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00117.x · Cited by 698 · see citing works
Receiving social support online: implications for health education
White, M. (2001) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/16.6.693 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Patient Self-Management: A Key to Effectiveness and Efficiency in Care of Chronic Disease
Holman, H. R., & Lorig, K. R. (2004) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.002 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Stewart, W., Lipton, R. B., Kolodner, K., Liberman, J. N., & Sawyer, J. P. C. (1999) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.1999.019002107.x · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Jensen, M. P., Turner, J. A., & Romano, J. M. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.69.4.655 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Jensen, M. P., Turner, J. A., & Romano, J. M. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.4.655 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Headache and major depression: Is the association specific to migraine?
Breslau, N., Schultz, L. R., Stewart, W. F., Lipton, R. B., Lucia, V. C., & Welch, K. M. A. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.2.308 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
ACCOUNTING FOR DROPOUT BIAS USING MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS
Mallinckrodt, C. H., Clark, W. S., & David, S. R. (2001) · Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1081/bip-100104194 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
The chronic pain coping inventory: development and preliminary validation
Jensen, M. P., Turner, J. A., Romano, J. M., & Strom, S. E. (1995) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00118-x · Cited by 353 · see citing works
MMRM vs. LOCF: A Comprehensive Comparison Based on Simulation Study and 25 NDA Datasets
Siddiqui, O., Hung, H. M. J., & O'Neill, R. (2009) · Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1080/10543400802609797 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Toward the development of a motivational model of pain self-management
Jensen, M. P., Nielson, W. R., & Kerns, R. D. (2003) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/s1526-5900(03)00779-x · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Perceived self-efficacy and headache-related disability
French, D. J., Holroyd, K. A., Pinell, C., Malinoski, P. T., O'donnell, F., & Hill, K. R. (2000) · Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.2000.040008647.x · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Chronic pain: treatment barriers and strategies for clinical practice.
Glajchen, M. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Rains, J. C., Penzien, D. B., McCrory, D. C., & Gray, R. N. (2005) · Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.4502003.x · Cited by 209 · see citing works
A randomized controlled trial of an internet-based treatment for chronic headache
Devineni, T., & Blanchard, E. B. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.01.008 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Methodological issues in research on web-based behavioral interventions
Danaher, B. G., & Seeley, J. R. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9129-0 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Kerns, R. D., & Rosenberg, R. (2000) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00184-0 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Holroyd, K. A., Drew, J., Cottrell, C., Romanek, K., & Heh, V. (2007) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01420.x · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Behavioral Management of Recurrent Headache: Three Decades of Experience and Empiricism
Penzien, D. B., Rains, J. C., & Andrasik, F. (2002) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1023/a:1016247811416 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Pilot study of a Web-based compliance monitoring device for patients with congestive heart failure
Artinian, N. T., Harden, J. K., Kronenberg, M. W., Vander Wal, J. S., Daher, E., Stephens, Q., & Bazzi, R. I. (2003) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/s0147-9563(03)00026-8 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
painACTION-Back Pain: A Self-Management Website for People with Chronic Back Pain
Chiauzzi, E., Pujol, L. A., Wood, M., Bond, K., Black, R., Yiu, E., & Zacharoff, K. (2010) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00879.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Evaluation of the Quality and Contents of Asthma Education on the World Wide Web
Croft, D. R., & Peterson, M. W. (2002) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.121.4.1301 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The Headache‐Specific Locus of Control Scale: Adaptation to Recurrent Headaches
Martin, N. J., Holroyd, K. A., & Penzien, D. B. (1990) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.1990.hed3011729.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Responsiveness of fibromyalgia clinical trial outcome measures.
Dunkl, P. R., Taylor, A. G., Mcconnell, G. G., Alfano, A. P., & Conaway, M. R. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The chronic pain coping inventory-42: reliability and validity
Romano, J. M., Jensen, M. P., & Turner, J. A. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00466-9 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Assessment and psychological management of recurrent headache disorders.
Holroyd, K. A. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.3.656 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Internet‐based cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus
Andersson, G., & Kaldo, V. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10243 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Bayliss, M. S., Dewey, J. E., Dunlap, I., Batenhorst, A. S., Cady, R. K., Diamond, M. L., & Sheftell, F. D. (2003) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/a:1026167214355 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Melanoma Information on the Internet: Often Incomplete--A Public Health Opportunity?
Bichakjian, C. K. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.20.1.134 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Assessment and psychological management of recurrent headache disorders.
Holroyd, K. A. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.3.656 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Migraine education improves quality of life in a primary care setting
Smith, T. R., Nicholson, R. A., & Banks, J. W. (2010) · Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01618.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Behavioral treatment approaches to chronic headache
Andrasik, F. J. (2003) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s100720300048 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Behavioral Approaches to the Treatment of Migraine
Holroyd, K., & Drew, J. B. (2006) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-2006-939920 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Headache Self‐Efficacy Scale: Adaptation to Recurrent Headaches
Martin, N. J., Holroyd, K. A., & Rokicki, L. A. (1993) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.1993.hed3305244.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Penzien, D. B., Rains, J. C., Lipchik, G. L., & Creer, T. L. (2004) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-004-0072-2 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Locus of control moderates the relationship between headache pain and depression
Heath, R., Saliba, M., Mahmassani, O., Major, S., & Khoury, B. (2008) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1007/s10194-008-0055-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Disease Modification in Migraine: A Concept That Has Come of Age?
Loder, E., & Biondi, D. M. (2003) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.2003.03033.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Tools for Diagnosing Migraine and Measuring Its Severity
Lipton, R. B., BIGAL, M. E., Amatniek, J. C., & Stewart, W. F. (2004) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2004.04089.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Penzien, D. B., Rains, J. C., Lipchik, G. L., Nicholson, R. A., Lake, A. E., & Hursey, K. G. (2005) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05105.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Nurses’ response to pain communication from patients: A post-test experimental study
McDonald, D. D., LaPorta, M., & Meadows‐Oliver, M. (2006) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.11.017 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Migraine Headache Misconceptions: Barriers to Effective Care
Wenzel, R. G., Dortch, M. J., Cady, R. K., et al. (2004) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.24.6.638.34751 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cost Considerations of Acute Migraine Treatment
Adelman, J. U., Adelman, L. C., Freeman, M. C., Seggern, R. L. V., & Drake, J. (2004) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2004.04060.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Behavioral therapies for migraine
Nicholson, R. A., Penzien, D. B., McCrory, D. C., Gray, R. N., Nash, J. M., & Dickersin, K. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004601 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Birchley, D., Pullan, R. D., & Defriend, D. (2003) · Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England · doi:10.1308/003588403322520771 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Psychological therapies (Internet-delivered) for the management of chronic pain in adults
Eccleston, C., Fisher, E., Craig, L., Duggan, G. B., Rosser, B. A., & Keogh, E. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010152.pub2 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Rogers, M. A., Lemmen, K., Kramer, R., Mann, J., & Chopra, V. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7111 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Schütze, R., Rees, C., Smith, A., Slater, H., Campbell, J. M., & O'Sullivan, P. (2018) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.09.010 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Internet interventions for chronic pain including headache: a systematic review
Buhrman, M., Gordh, T., & Andersson, G. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.12.001 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Probyn, K., Bowers, H., Mistry, D., Caldwell, F., Underwood, M., Patel, S., Sandhu, H. K., Matharu, M., & Pincus, T. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016670 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Prognostic factors for chronic headache: A systematic review
Probyn, K., Bowers, H., Caldwell, F., Mistry, D., Underwood, M., Matharu, M., Pincus, T., & On behalf of the CHESS Team (2017) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000004112 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Slattery, B. W., Haugh, S., O'Connor, L., Francis, K., Dwyer, C. P., O'Higgins, S., Egan, J., & McGuire, B. E. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/11086 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Gandy, M., Pang, S. T. Y., Scott, A. J., Heriseanu, A. I., Bisby, M. A., Dudeney, J., Karin, E., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2022) · PAIN · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002606 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
White, V., Linardon, J., Stone, J. E., Holmes-Truscott, E., Olive, L., Mikocka-Walus, A., Hendrieckx, C., Evans, S., & Speight, J. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720002251 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Mo'tamedi, H., Rezaiemaram, P., & Tavallaie, A. (2012) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02192.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Psychological interventions for migraine: a systematic review
Sullivan, A., Cousins, S., & Ridsdale, L. (2016) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8126-z · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Stress and Primary Headache: Review of the Research and Clinical Management
Martin, P. R. (2016) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-016-0576-6 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Psychological therapies for the prevention of migraine in adults
Sharpe, L., Dudeney, J., Williams, A. C. D. C., Nicholas, M., McPhee, I., Baillie, A., Welgampola, M., & McGuire, B. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012295.pub2 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Electronic behavioral interventions for headache: a systematic review
Minen, M. T., Torous, J., Raynowska, J., Piazza, A., Grudzen, C., Powers, S., Lipton, R., & Sevick, M. A. (2016) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-016-0608-y · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Behavioral Approaches for Primary Headaches: Recent Advances
Raggi, A., Grignani, E., Leonardi, M., Andrasik, F., Sansone, E., Grazzi, L., & D'Amico, D. (2018) · Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.13337 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Behavioral Migraine Management Modifies Behavioral and Cognitive Coping in People With Migraine
Seng, E. K., & Holroyd, K. A. (2014) · Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.12426 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
An update on behavioral treatments in migraine - current knowledge and future options
Kropp, P., Meyer, B., Meyer, W., & Dresler, T. (2017) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2017.1377611 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ulrich, S., Gantenbein, A. R., Zuber, V., Von Wyl, A., Kowatsch, T., & Künzli, H. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/50132 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Consistent with previous headache and chronic pain research [105-107], we assumed a small-to-medium effect size for the primary outcome.”
Kleiboer, A., Sorbi, M., van Silfhout, M., Kooistra, L., & Passchier, J. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.009 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Patients' experiences of a behavioural intervention for migraine headache: a qualitative study
Morgan, M., Cousins, S., Middleton, L., Warriner-Gallyer, G., & Ridsdale, L. (2016) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-016-0601-5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Johnson, E., Corrick, S., Isley, S., Vandermeer, B., Dolgoy, N., Bates, J., Godfrey, E., Soltys, C., Muir, C., Vohra, S., et al. (2024) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000435 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Gewirtz, A., & Minen, M. (2019) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-019-0739-3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Gandy, M., Woldhuis, T., Wu, W., Youssef, M., Bisby, M. A., Dear, B. F., Heriseanu, A. I., & Scott, A. J. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724001995 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ashraf, E. M. (2015) · Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology · doi:10.5897/jphe2014.0702 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bromberg, J., Wood, M. E., Black, R. A., Surette, D. A., Zacharoff, K. L., & Chiauzzi, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Inflexxion (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bromberg, Jonas
- Venue
- Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-11-15
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 244-261
- ISSN
- 0017-8748 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-4610
- PMC
- PMC3305283
- OpenAlex
- W2034582056
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r44da023539-03)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R44 DA023539, R44DA023539-02)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- migraine, online intervention, self-efficacy, coping, psychological distress, pain catastrophizing, relaxation, social support, depression, stress, behavioral interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Behavior Therapy, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Persons with Disabilities, Disabled Persons, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Migraine Disorders, Pain Measurement, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Self Care, Stress, Psychological, Treatment Outcome, Internet, Young Adult, Catastrophization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
