The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Modeling Publication Selection Effects in Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Publication selection effects arise in meta-analysis when the effect magnitude estimates are observed in (available from) only a subset of the studies that were actually conducted and the probability that an estimate is observed is related to the size of that estimate. Such selection effects can lead to substantial bias in estimates of effect magnitude. Research on the selection process suggests that much of the selection occurs because researchers, reviewers and editors view the results of studies as more conclusive when they are more highly statistically significant. This suggests a model of the selection process that depends on effect magnitude via the p-value or significance level. A model of the selection process involving a step function relating the p-value to the probability of selection is introduced in the context of a random effects model for meta-analysis. The model permits estimation of a weight function representing selection along the mean and variance of effects. Some ideas for graphical procedures and a test for publication selection are also introduced. The method is then applied to a meta-analysis of test validity studies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Such connections between sample sizes and effect sizes would violate the assumptions needed to interpret asymmetric funnel plots and Egger's test as publication bias (it would also violate the assumptions underlying the selection models suggested by, e.g., Hedges, 1992 and Andrews & Kasy, 2019).”
From Targeted school‐based interventions for improving reading and mathematics for students with or at risk of academic difficulties in Grades K‐6: A systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as Hedges, 1992
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Self-citationThe file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068
Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research.
Metcalfe, A., & Rosenthal, R. (1994) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2348600 · Cited by 4,249
Meta-analysis in social research
(1982) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(82)90011-8 · Cited by 3,896
A Fail-Safe N for Effect Size in Meta-Analysis
Orwin, R. G. (1983) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164923 · Cited by 2,064
The statistical power of abnormal-social psychological research: A review.
Cohen, J. (1962) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0045186 · Cited by 1,824
Tactics of Scientific Research
Sidman, M. (1960) · Cited by 1,638
Summing up: The Science of Reviewing Research
Wilkinson, I., Light, R. J., & Pillemer, D. B. (1987) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164691 · Cited by 1,486
Consequences of prejudice against the null hypothesis.
Greenwald, A. G. (1975) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0076157 · Cited by 1,022
Sterling, T. D. (1959) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1959.10501497 · Cited by 964
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- CHAmPNEY, T. F. (1983). Adjustments for selection: Publication bias in quantitative research synthesis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Univ. Chicago.
- CoopER, H. M. (1984). The Integrative Research Review. Sage, Beverly Hills.
- HeDGEs, L. V. (1984). Estimation of effect size under nonrandom sampling: The effects of censoring studies yielding statistically insignificant mean differences. Journal of Educational Statistics 9 61–85.
- MELToN, A. W. (1962). Editorial. Journal of Experimental Psychology 64 553–557.
- WHITE, K. R. (1982). The relation between socioeconomic status and achievement. Psychological Bulletin 91 461-481.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 359
Regression Analysis Under Non-standard Situations: A Pairwise Pseudolikelihood Approach
Liang, K., & Qin, J. (2000) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00263 · Cited by 81
Meta-Analysis: Literature Synthesis or Effect-Size Surface Estimation?
Rubin, D. B. (1992) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.3102/10769986017004363 · Cited by 82
Selective reporting and the social cost of carbon
Havránek, T., Iršová, Z., Janda, K., & Zilberman, D. (2015) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2015.08.009 · Cited by 79
Antecedent exercise in the treatment of disruptive behavior: A meta-analytic review.
Allison, D. B., Faith, M. S., & Franklin, R. D. (1995) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00045.x · Cited by 75
Howard, M. C., & Zandt, E. C. V. (2020) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103982 · Cited by 85
Heterogeneity in effect size estimates
Holzmeister, F., Johannesson, M., BOHM, R. M., Dreber, A., Huber, J., & Kirchler, M. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2403490121 · Cited by 89
Wage Effects of On‐the‐Job Training: A Meta‐Analysis
Haelermans, C., & Borghans, L. (2012) · British Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2012.00890.x · Cited by 73
Testing for publication bias in diagnostic meta‐analysis: a simulation study
Bürkner, P., & Doebler, P. (2014) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.6177 · Cited by 72
The Impact of Immigration on International Trade: A Meta-AnalysisPreprint
Gen, M., Gheasi, M., Nijkamp, P. J., & Poot, J. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1968096 · Cited by 74
The relation between narcissism and aggression: A meta‐analysis
Du, T. V., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2021) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12684 · Cited by 86
Kiciński, M. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004831 · Cited by 72
Meta‐analysis of social science research: A practitioner's guide
Iršová, Z., Doucouliagos, H., Havránek, T., & Stanley, T. D. (2023) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12595 · Cited by 76
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review)
de Laar, F. A. V., Lucassen, P. L., Akkermans, R., van de Lisdonk, E. H., Rutten, G. E. H. M., & van Weel, C. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · Cited by 66
Vadillo, M. A., Hardwicke, T. E., & Shanks, D. R. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000157 · Cited by 69
Unbiased estimation of odds ratios: combining genomewide association scans with replication studies
Bowden, J., & Dudbridge, F. (2009) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.20394 · Cited by 61
Turner, L., Boutron, I., Hróbjartsson, A., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2013) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-2-79 · Cited by 66
Is There a "Best" Way to Detect and Minimize Publication Bias? An Empirical Evaluation
Pham, B., Platt, R. W., McAuley, L., Klassen, T. P., & Moher, D. (2001) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/016327870102400202 · Cited by 61
The implications of publication bias for meta‐analysis' other parameter
Jackson, D. (2006) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.2293 · Cited by 65
Wilcock, G. K., Birks, J., Whitehead, A., & Evans, S. J. G. (2002) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.545 · Cited by 61
How puzzling is the forward premium puzzle? A meta-analysis
Zigraiova, D., Havranek, T., Irsova, Z., & Novak, J. (2021) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103714 · Cited by 71
A Bayesian approach to mitigation of publication bias
Guan, M., & Vandekerckhove, J. (2015) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-015-0868-6 · Cited by 63
Meta-analysis of face recognition algorithms
Phillips, P. J., & Newton, E. M. (2003) · International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition · doi:10.1109/afgr.2002.1004160 · Cited by 57
A Gentle Introduction to Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis Using an Automated R Package
Liu, Y., Béliveau, A., Wei, Y., Chen, M. Y., Record-Lemon, R., Kuo, P., Pritchard, E., Tang, X., & Chen, G. (2022) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273171.2022.2115965 · Cited by 58
Hang, M., Geyer‐Klingeberg, J., Rathgeber, A., & Stöckl, S. (2017) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.12573 · Cited by 55
Dietrichson, J., Filges, T., Seerup, J. K., Klokker, R. H., Viinholt, B. C. A., Bøg, M., & Eiberg, M. (2021) · Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World · doi:10.1002/cl2.1152 · Cited by 54
Capture-recapture is a potentially useful method for assessing publication bias
Bennett, D., Latham, N. K., Stretton, C., & Anderson, C. S. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.09.015 · Cited by 53
Sánchez, A. I. C., Segura‐Fragoso, A., Rodríguez-Hernández, M., Criado‐Álvarez, J. J., González, J. G., & López, B. P. (2019) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.12.006 · Cited by 53
Meta-analysis, can it ever fail?
Kotiaho, J. S., & Tomkins, J. L. (2002) · Oikos · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.960316.x · Cited by 52
Dwyer, T., Couper, D., & Walter, S. D. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00313-9 · Cited by 48
On Knowing What We Do Not Know
Kromrey, J. D., & Rendina‐Gobioff, G. (2006) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164405278585 · Cited by 51
Bayesian meta-analysis, with application to studies of ETS and lung cancer
Tweedie, R. L., Scott, D. J., Biggerstaff, B. J., & Mengersen, K. L. (1996) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0169-5002(96)90222-6 · Cited by 51
Meta-analysis of the impact of age structure on fertility
Waldorf, B. S., & Byun, P. (2005) · Journal of Population Economics · doi:10.1007/s00148-004-0199-9 · Cited by 50
FIRM SIZE AND STOCK RETURNS: A QUANTITATIVE SURVEY
Astakhov, A., Havránek, T., & Novák, J. (2019) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12335 · Cited by 57
Hybrid test for publication bias in meta-analysis
Lin, L. (2020) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280220910172 · Cited by 51
Transparency, Reproducibility, and the Credibility of Economics ResearchPreprint
Christensen, G., & Miguel, E. A. (2017) · MetArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31222/osf.io/9a3rw · Cited by 58
Support for Censorship: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis of the Third-Person Effect
Feng, G. C., & Guo, S. Z. (2012) · Communication Reports · doi:10.1080/08934215.2012.661019 · Cited by 49
Quantifying Selective Reporting and the Proteus Phenomenon for Multiple Datasets with Similar Bias
Pfeiffer, T., Bertram, L., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018362 · Cited by 54
Mueller, K. F., Meerpohl, J. J., Briel, M., Antes, G., von Elm, E., Lang, B., Motschall, E., Schwarzer, G., & Bassler, D. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.015 · Cited by 48
“Make things as simple as possible, but no simpler.” A rejoinder to Scruggs and Mastropieri
Allison, D. B., & Gorman, B. S. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90170-8 · Cited by 49
Meta-analysis: An introduction and point of view
Friedman, H. P., & Goldberg, J. D. (1996) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510230437 · Cited by 47
Corruption and economic growth: A meta-analysis of the evidence on low-income countries and beyond
Uğur, M., & Dasgupta, N. (2011) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 50
Hierarchical Selection Models With Applications in Meta-Analysis
Silliman, N. (1997) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1997.10474047 · Cited by 47
A Protocol for the Analytical Aspects of a Systematic Review of HIV Prevention Research
Johnson, W. D., Semaan, S., Hedges, L. V., Ramı́rez, G., Mullen, P. D., & Sogolow, E. D. (2002) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/00042560-200207011-00007 · Cited by 46
Self-citationConservative Tests under Satisficing Models of Publication Bias
McCrary, J., Christensen, G., & Fanelli, D. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149590 · Cited by 45
Integrating the Empirical Tests of the Natural Rate Hypothesis: A Meta‐Regression Analysis
Stanley, T. D. (2005) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/j.0023-5962.2005.00305.x · Cited by 41
Assessing Publication Bias: a 7-Step User’s Guide with Best-Practice Recommendations
Kepes, S., Wang, W., & Cortina, J. M. (2022) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-022-09840-0 · Cited by 47
A framework for evaluating reproducibility and replicability in economics
Dreber, A., & Johannesson, M. (2024) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/ecin.13244 · Cited by 49
Assessing the Sensitivity of Meta-analysis to Selection Bias: A Multiple Imputation Approach
Carpenter, J. R., Rücker, G., & Schwarzer, G. (2010) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2010.01498.x · Cited by 39
Miller, J. O., & Ulrich, R. (2016) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616649170 · Cited by 41
Conditional equivalence testing: An alternative remedy for publication bias
Campbell, H., & Gustafson, P. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195145 · Cited by 42
10. Indices of Robustness for Sample Representation
Frank, K. A., & Min, K.-S. (2007) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9531.2007.00186.x · Cited by 39
A Meta‐Analysis of the Investment‐Uncertainty Relationship
Koetse, M. J., de Groot, H. L. F., & Florax, R. J. G. M. (2009) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.4284/sej.2009.76.1.283 · Cited by 39
Some properties of p-curves, with an application to gradual publication bias.
Ulrich, R., & Miller, J. O. (2017) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000125 · Cited by 36
A Parsimonious Weight Function for Modeling Publication Bias
Citkowicz, M., & Vevea, J. L. (2017) · Psychological methods · doi:10.1037/met0000119 · Cited by 42
Infrastructure and Trade: A Meta-Analysis
Celbiş, M. G., Nijkamp, P. J., & Poot, J. (2015) · REGION · doi:10.18335/region.v1i1.25 · Cited by 36
Risk of alcoholism and parental history: Gender differences and a possible reporting bias
Crum, R. M., & Harris, E. L. (1996) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2272(1996)13:4 · Cited by 17
Modeling publication bias using weighted distributions in a Bayesian framework
Larose, D. T., & Dey, D. K. (1998) · Computational Statistics & Data Analysis · doi:10.1016/s0167-9473(97)00039-x · Cited by 35
A Systematic Review of Interventions for Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD in Adult Offenders
Leigh-Hunt, N., & Perry, A. (2014) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x13519241 · Cited by 39
Adjusting for publication bias: modelling the selection process.
Preston, C., Ashby, D., & Smyth, R. (2004) · Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2003.00457.x · Cited by 40
“Negative trials” are positive!
Gluud, C. N. (1998) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(98)80301-2 · Cited by 33
Identification of and correction for publication biasPreprint
Kasy, M., & Andrews, I. (2018) · MetArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31222/osf.io/49yst · Cited by 42
Yousefi, M., & Nassaji, H. (2019) · ITL Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1075/itl.19012.you · Cited by 33
Buluş, M. (2021) · Adıyaman Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.17984/adyuebd.941434 · Cited by 64
Transparency, Reproducibility, and the Credibility of Economics Research
Christensen, G., & Miguel, E. A. (2016) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w22989 · Cited by 32
Collaer, M. L., & Hines, M. (2020) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01645-7 · Cited by 31
Is There a "File Drawer Problem" in Biological Research?
Bauchau, V. (1997) · Oikos · doi:10.2307/3546025 · Cited by 30
Publication Bias and Meta-Analysis for 2×2 Tables: An Average Markov Chain Monte Carlo EM Algorithm
Shi, J. Q., & Copas, J. B. (2002) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00334 · Cited by 30
Chen, S., Qiu, Y., Bassile, C. C., Lee, A., Chen, R., & Xu, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.875794 · Cited by 29
Pre-registration and Results-Free Review in Observational and Qualitative Research
Jacobs, A. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108762519.009 · Cited by 30
An Application of Gibbs Sampling to Estimation in Meta-Analysis: Accounting for Publication Bias
Cleary, R. J., & Casella, G. (1997) · Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics · doi:10.3102/10769986022002141 · Cited by 30
Publication bias and the evaluation of psychotherapy efficacy in reviews of the research literature
Sohn, D. A. (1996) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(96)00005-0 · Cited by 28
A statistician looks at met-analysis
Finney, D. J. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00096-9 · Cited by 28
Star Wars: The Empirics Strike BackPreprint
Brodeur, A., Lé, M., Sangnier, M., & Zylberberg, Y. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2089580 · Cited by 29
Dietrichson, J., Filges, T., Klokker, R. H., Viinholt, B. C. A., Bøg, M., & Jensen, U. H. (2020) · Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World · doi:10.1002/cl2.1081 · Cited by 33
A Review of Meta-Analyses About Deception Detection
Sternglanz, R. W., Morris, W. L., Morrow, M., & Braverman, J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96334-1_16 · Cited by 30
Too Much Ado about Instrumental Variable Approach: Is the Cure Worse than the Disease?
Başer, O. (2009) · Value in Health · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00567.x · Cited by 27
Using Journal Impact Factors to Correct for the Publication Bias of Medical Studies
Baker, R., & Jackson, D. (2006) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00513.x · Cited by 25
Ausejo, S. M., Sáenz, A., Pham, B., Kellner, J. D., Johnson, D., Moher, D., & Klassen, T. P. (1999) · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001955 · Cited by 24
Jackson, D. (2007) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00663.x · Cited by 23
A Meta-Analysis of Beta- Convergence
Abreu, M., & de Groot, H. L. F. (2005) · Cited by 23
Assessing the effects of selection bias on validity data for the General Aptitude Test Battery.
Vevea, J. L., Clements, N. C., & Hedges, L. V. (1993) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.6.981 · Cited by 23
Self-citationCombining Information in Statistical Modeling
Peña, D. (1997) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1997.10474407 · Cited by 23
A Framework for Evaluating Reproducibility and Replicability in EconomicsPreprint
Dreber, A., & Johannesson, M. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4458153 · Cited by 26
P ‐hacking in meta‐analyses: A formalization and new meta‐analytic methods
Mathur, M. B. (2024) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1701 · Cited by 25
Rendina‐Gobioff, G. (2006) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 22
Meta‐Analysis of Studies with Missing Data
Yuan, Y., & Little, R. J. A. (2009) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01068.x · Cited by 27
What is evidence-based medicine?1
Zou, K. H., Fielding, J. R., & Ondategui‐Parra, S. (2004) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(03)00650-0 · Cited by 21
Adimassu, Z., Tibebe, D., Tamene, L., & Abera, W. (2025) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42796 · Cited by 23
RetractedSurvey on technical efficiency in higher education: A meta‐fractional regression analysis
Villano, R. A., & Tran, C. T. D. (2019) · Pacific Economic Review · doi:10.1111/1468-0106.12310 · Cited by 20
Effect Size Estimation Fromt-Statistics in the Presence of Publication Bias
Ulrich, R., Miller, J. O., & Erdfelder, E. (2018) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000319 · Cited by 20
Shi, L., Chu, H., & Lin, L. (2020) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1415 · Cited by 22
Average Power: A Cautionary Note
McShane, B. B., Böckenholt, U., & Hansen, K. T. (2020) · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2515245920902370 · Cited by 20
Nonparametric classes of weight functions to model publication bias
Silliman, N. (1997) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/84.4.909 · Cited by 20
How big is the impact of infrastructure on trade? evidence from meta-analysisPreprint
Celbiş, M. G., Nijkamp, P. J., & Poot, J. (2013) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 19
A meta-analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on student achievement
Storey, N., & Zhang, Q. (2024) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2024.100624 · Cited by 18
Borrowing of strength from indirect evidence in 40 network meta-analyses
Lin, L., Xing, A., Kofler, M. J., & Murad, M. H. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.10.007 · Cited by 19
Selection models with monotone weight functions in meta analysis
Rufibach, K. (2011) · Biometrical Journal · doi:10.1002/bimj.201000240 · Cited by 19
Fisher information in weighted distributions
Iyengar, S., Kvam, P. H., & Singh, H. (1999) · Canadian Journal of Statistics · doi:10.2307/3316134 · Cited by 18
Statistical methods for replicability assessment
Hung, K. E., & Fithian, W. (2020) · The Annals of Applied Statistics · doi:10.1214/20-aoas1336 · Cited by 19
Modelling publication bias and p ‐hacking
Moss, J., & Bin, R. D. (2021) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/biom.13560 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- Hedges, L. V.
- Corresponding author
- Hedges, Larry V.
- ORCID
- Hedges, Larry V.
- Venue
- Statistical Science
- Publisher
- Institute of Mathematical Statistics
- Published
- 1992-05-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 246-255
- ISSN
- 0883-4237 (ISSN-L)
- 2168-8745
- OpenAlex
- W2087875612
- Cited by
- 359
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 10.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Statistical Science (publishedVersion)
- Project Euclid (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Keywords
- publication bias, meta-analysis, p-values, significance level, selection probability, random effects models, weight functions, test validity, graphical procedure
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
