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Cited by 68melanin and skin pigmentationZebrafish Biomedical Research ApplicationsDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

Endothelin signalling in iridophore development and stripe pattern formation of zebrafish

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Krauss, Jana, Frohnhöfer, Hans Georg, Walderich, Brigitte, Maischein, Hans-Martin, Weiler, Christian, Irion, Uwe, Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane·2014·Biology Open
DOI 10.1242/bio.20148441PMC PMC4058085
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Abstract

Colour patterns of adult fish are composed of several different types of pigment cells distributing in the skin during juvenile development. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, displays a striking pattern of dark stripes of melanophores interspersed with light stripes of xanthophores. A third cell type, silvery iridophores, contributes to both stripes and plays a crucial role in adult pigment pattern formation. Several mutants deficient in iridophore development display similar adult phenotypes with reduced numbers of melanophores and defects in stripe formation. This indicates a supporting role of iridophores for melanophore development and maintenance. One of these mutants, rose (rse), encodes the Endothelin receptor b1a. Here we describe a new mutant in zebrafish, karneol (kar), which has a phenotype similar to weak alleles of rse with a reduction in iridophore numbers and defects of adult pigment patterning. We show that, unlike rse, kar is not required in iridophores. The gene defective in the kar mutant codes for an endothelin-converting enzyme, Ece2, which activates endothelin ligands by proteolytic cleavage. By morpholino-mediated knockdown, we identify Endothelin 3b (Edn3b) as the ligand for endothelin receptor signalling in larval iridophores. Thus, Endothelin signalling is involved in iridophore development, proliferation and stripe morphogenesis in larvae as well as adult zebrafish. In mammals the pathway is required for melanocyte development; therefore, our results indicate a previously unrecognized close evolutionary relationship between iridophores in zebrafish and melanocytes in mammals.

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  • Genetically or experimentally induced deficiencies in iridophores cause pattern defects, including alterations in primary stripe positioning and boundary formation, and also lead to reductions or losses of secondary interstripes and stripes.

    “The iridophore’s importance in skin patterning has been demonstrated in experiments showing that genetically or experimentally induced deficiencies in iridophores cause pattern defects, including alterations in primary stripe positioning and boundary formation, and also lead to reductions or losses of secondary interstripes and stripes13–17.”

    From In situ differentiation of iridophore crystallotypes underlies zebrafish stripe patterning (2020) · cites this paper as [13]

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Authors
Krauss, J., Frohnhöfer, H. G., Walderich, B., Maischein, H.-M., Weiler, C., Irion, U., & Nüsslein-Volhard, C.
Affiliations
  • Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology (DE)
  • Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
ORCID
Venue
Biology Open
Publisher
The Company of Biologists
Published
2014-05-23
Volume
3
Issue
6
Pages
503-509
ISSN
2046-6390 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1242/bio.20148441
PMC
PMC4058085
OpenAlex
W2125821728
Cited by
68
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3
FWCI
3.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biology Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
iridophores, stripe pattern formation, zebrafish, melanophores, xanthophores, morpholino knockdown

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