Suppression of the immune response potentiates tadpole tail regeneration during the refractory period
Abstract
Regenerative ability varies depending on animal species and developmental stage, but the factors that determine this variability remain unclear. Although Xenopus laevis tadpole tails possess high regenerative ability, this is transiently lost during the `refractory period'. Here, we show that tail amputation evokes different immune responses in wound tail stumps between the `refractory' and `regeneration' periods: there was delayed or prolonged expression of some immune-related genes in the refractory period,whereas there was no obvious or transient expression of other immune-related genes in the regeneration periods. In addition, immune suppression induced by either immunosuppressant treatment or immune cell depletion by knockdown of PU.1 significantly restored regenerative ability during the refractory period. These findings indicate that immune responses have a crucial role in determining regenerative ability in Xenopus tadpole tails.
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The refractory period in tadpole development coincides with a spike in immune cell presence.
“For example, the refractory period in tadpole development (when these organisms are unable to regenerate a tail) coincides with a spike in immune cell presence (133);”
From Wound repair and regeneration: Mechanisms, signaling, and translation (2014) · cites this paper as [133]
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- Authors
- Fukazawa, T., Naora, Y., Kunieda, T., & Kubo, T.
- Affiliations
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Kubo, Takeo
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2009-07-15
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2323-2327
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- OpenAlex
- W2018938817
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- tadpole tail regeneration, refractory period, immune response, immunosuppression, PU.1, immune cell depletion, wound healing, Xenopus laevis, immune gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1, Animals, Base Sequence, Immunosuppressive Agents, Larva, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Regeneration, Tail, Time Factors, Triterpenes, Xenopus laevis, Trans-Activators, Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine, Chemokines, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense, Gene Expression Profiling, Xenopus Proteins, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Pentacyclic Triterpenes
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