Lipopolysaccharide distinctively alters human microglia transcriptomes to resemble microglia from Alzheimer’s disease mouse models
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and risk-influencing genetics implicates microglia and neuroimmunity in the pathogenesis of AD. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia (iPSC-microglia) are increasingly used as a model of AD, but the relevance of historical immune stimuli to model AD is unclear. We performed a detailed cross-comparison over time on the effects of combinatory stimulation of iPSC-microglia, and in particular their relevance to AD. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to measure the transcriptional response of iPSC-microglia after 24 h and 48 h of stimulation with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+interferon gamma (IFN-γ), either alone or in combination with ATPγS. We observed a shared core transcriptional response of iPSC-microglia to ATPγS and to LPS+IFN-γ, suggestive of a convergent mechanism of action. Across all conditions, we observed a significant overlap, although directional inconsistency to genes that change their expression levels in human microglia from AD patients. Using a data-led approach, we identify a common axis of transcriptomic change across AD genetic mouse models of microglia and show that only LPS provokes a transcriptional response along this axis in mouse microglia and LPS+IFN-γ in human iPSC-microglia. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Our list of core genes can be interpreted as robust tau-responsive genes for future study.
“As preclinical studies continue to make direct comparisons between human and mouse transcriptomics (Monzón-Sandoval et al., 2022; Onos et al., 2022), our list of core genes can be interpreted as robust tau-responsive genes for future study.”
From Network analysis identifies strain-dependent response to tau and tau seeding-associated genes (2023) · cites this paper as Monzón-Sandoval et al., 2022
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Penning, A., Snoeck, S., Ormaechea, O. R., Ayyildiz, D., Polzer, O., Buitrago-Arango, M., Capobianco, R., de Winter, F., Balusu, S., Verhaagen, J., et al. (2026) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-026-02228-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Network analysis identifies strain-dependent response to tau and tau seeding-associated genes
Acri, D. J., You, Y., Tate, M. D., Karahan, H., Martinez, P., McCord, B., Sharify, A. D., John, S., Kim, B., Dabin, L. C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20230180 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Monzón-Sandoval, J., Burlacu, E., Agarwal, D., Handel, A. E., Wei, L., Davis, J., Cowley, S. A., Cader, M. Z., & Webber, C.
- Affiliations
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University 1 , Cardiff CF24 4HQ , UK
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- UK Dementia Research Institute (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cader, M. Zameel
- Webber, Caleb
- ORCID
- Venue
- Disease Models & Mechanisms
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2022-10-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 10
- ISSN
- 1754-8403 (ISSN-L)
- 1754-8411
- PMC
- PMC9612871
- OpenAlex
- W4306682604
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Disease Models & Mechanisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MC_PC_16034)
- UK Dementia Research Institute (MC_PC_17112)
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford (LC0910-004)
- Parkinson's UK (J-1403)
- Dementias Platform UK (MC_EX_MR/N50192X/1)
- Innovative Medicines Initiative (807015)
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
- Wellcome Trust (100643/Z/12/Z)
- Cardiff University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, microglia, iPSC-derived microglia, lipopolysaccharide, interferon-gamma, prostaglandin E2, ATP gamma S, neuroinflammation, transcriptome, single-cell RNA sequencing, mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, neuroimmunity, gene expression response
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Lipopolysaccharides, Dinoprostone, Microglia, Mice, Transcriptome
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