Do jellyfish have central nervous systems?

Satterlie, Richard A.

doi:10.1242/jeb.043687

Cited by 113Marine Invertebrate Physiology and EcologyNeurobiology and Insect Physiology ResearchEchinoderm biology and ecology

Do jellyfish have central nervous systems?

Satterlie, Richard A.·2011·Journal of Experimental Biology

DOI 10.1242/jeb.043687

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Abstract

The traditional view of the cnidarian nervous system is of a diffuse nerve net that functions as both a conducting and an integrating system; this is considered an indicator of a primitive condition. Yet, in medusoid members, varying degrees of nerve net compression and neuronal condensation into ganglion-like structures represent more centralized integrating centers. In some jellyfish, this relegates nerve nets to motor distribution systems. The neuronal condensation follows a precept of neuronal organization of higher animals with a relatively close association with the development and elaboration of sensory structures. Nerve nets still represent an efficient system for diffuse, non-directional activation of broad, two-dimensional effector sheets, as required by the radial, non-cephalized body construction. However, in most jellyfish, an argument can be made for the presence of centralized nervous systems that interact with the more diffuse nerve nets.

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Many aspects of the nervous system are conserved between cnidarians and bilaterians, including neuropeptides and neurotransmitters.
“Though at least 600 million years of evolution separate cnidarians from bilaterians [9–16], many aspects of the nervous system are conserved, including neuropeptides and neurotransmitters [15–20].”
From The Jellyfish Cassiopea Exhibits a Sleep-like State (2017) · cites this paper as [17]

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Authors: Satterlie, R. A.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina Wilmington (US)
Corresponding author: Satterlie, Richard A.
ORCID: Satterlie, Richard A.
Venue: Journal of Experimental Biology
Publisher: The Company of Biologists
Published: 2011-04-15
Volume: 214
Issue: 8
Pages: 1215-1223
ISSN: 0022-0949 (ISSN-L)
1477-9145
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.043687
OpenAlex: W2013277361
Cited by: 113
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 4.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Experimental Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Division of Integrative Organismal Systems
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Echinoderm biology and ecology
Keywords: jellyfish, cnidarian nervous system, nerve net, ganglia, central nervous system, radial symmetry, sensory structures, nervous system evolution
MeSH terms: Action Potentials, Animals, Central Nervous System, Cnidaria, Nerve Net, Neurons, Swimming

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