From nerve net to nerve ring, nerve cord and brain — evolution of the nervous system

Arendt, Detlev; Tosches, Maria Antonietta; Marlow, Heather

doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.15

Cited by 279Marine Invertebrate Physiology and EcologyDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

From nerve net to nerve ring, nerve cord and brain — evolution of the nervous system

Arendt, Detlev, Tosches, Maria Antonietta, Marlow, Heather·2016·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nrn.2015.15

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Abstract

The puzzle of how complex nervous systems emerged remains unsolved. Comparative studies of neurodevelopment in cnidarians and bilaterians suggest that this process began with distinct integration centres that evolved on opposite ends of an initial nerve net. The 'apical nervous system' controlled general body physiology, and the 'blastoporal nervous system' coordinated feeding movements and locomotion. We propose that expansion, integration and fusion of these centres gave rise to the bilaterian nerve cord and brain.

Integrity signals

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Crossref · 10.1038/nrn.2015.15

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At least 600 million years of evolution separate cnidarians from bilaterians.
“Though at least 600 million years of evolution separate cnidarians from bilaterians [9–16], many aspects of the nervous system are conserved, including neuropeptides and neurotransmitters [15–20].”
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Resynthesizing behavior through phylogenetic refinement
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The Jellyfish Cassiopea Exhibits a Sleep-like State
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Gastric pouches and the mucociliary sole: setting the stage for nervous system evolution
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On the evolution of bilaterality
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Developmental landscape of human forebrain at a single-cell level identifies early waves of oligodendrogenesis
van Bruggen, D., Pohl, F. B., Langseth, C. M., Kukanja, P., Lee, H., Albiach, A. M., Kabbe, M., Meijer, M., Linnarsson, S., Hilscher, M. M., et al. (2022) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.016 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Differential Encoding of Predator Fear in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus and Periaqueductal Grey
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Hox and Wnt pattern the primary body axis of an anthozoan cnidarian before gastrulation
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Elementary nervous systems
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Phylogenetic origins of biological cognition: convergent patterns in the early evolution of learning
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How Do Living Systems Create Meaning?
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Whole-Body Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals Transcriptional Domains in the Annelid Larval Body
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Cnidarian-bilaterian comparison reveals the ancestral regulatory logic of the β-catenin dependent axial patterning
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Philosophy of Neuroscience
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Authors: Arendt, D., Tosches, M. A., & Marlow, H.
Affiliations: European Molecular Biology Laboratory (DE)
Max Planck Institute for Brain Research (DE)
Institut Pasteur (FR)
Corresponding author: Arendt, Detlev
ORCID: Arendt, Detlev
Tosches, Maria Antonietta
Marlow, Heather
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-12-17
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 61-72
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2015.15
OpenAlex: W2219074388
Semantic Scholar: 2fbc72eec919edc88420c319071f50b0f6a4536d
Cited by: 279
References: 153
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 2.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords: nervous system evolution, nerve net, nerve ring, nerve cord, brain evolution, gene expression comparison
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Biological Evolution, Humans, Nerve Net, Nervous System, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Neurons

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From nerve net to nerve ring, nerve cord and brain — evolution of the nervous system

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