Cited by 208Marine Invertebrate Physiology and EcologyDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationNeurobiology and Insect Physiology Research

Cnidarians and the evolutionary origin of the nervous system

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Watanabe, Hiroshi, Fujisawa, Toshitaka, Holstein, Thomas W.·2009·Development, Growth & Differentiation

Abstract

Cnidarians are widely regarded as one of the first organisms in animal evolution possessing a nervous system. Conventional histological and electrophysiological studies have revealed a considerable degree of complexity of the cnidarian nervous system. Thanks to expressed sequence tags and genome projects and the availability of functional assay systems in cnidarians, this simple nervous system is now genetically accessible and becomes particularly valuable for understanding the origin and evolution of the genetic control mechanisms underlying its development. In the present review, the anatomical and physiological features of the cnidarian nervous system and the interesting parallels in neurodevelopmental mechanisms between Cnidaria and Bilateria are discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2009.01103.x

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  • Many aspects of the nervous system are conserved between cnidarians and bilaterians, including neuropeptides and neurotransmitters.

    “Though at least 600 million years of evolution separate cnidarians from bilaterians [9–16], many aspects of the nervous system are conserved, including neuropeptides and neurotransmitters [15–20].”

    From The Jellyfish Cassiopea Exhibits a Sleep-like State (2017) · cites this paper as [18]

  • Much of the molecular architecture underlying neurogenesis and neuron functioning is conserved between bilaterians and cnidarians.

    “The publication of several cnidarian genomes has shown that much of the molecular architecture underlying neurogenesis and neuron functioning is conserved between bilaterians and cnidarians [17,47–51].”
  • Nerve net-like arrangements of neurons cover almost the entire ectoderm in cnidarians and ctenophores.

    “Nerve net-like arrangements of neurons cover the almost entire ectoderm in cnidarians and ctenophores [61,129,130–136].”
  • The presence of a well-developed nerve net correlates with the presence of basiepithelial muscle fibres directly innervated by nerve net neurons in cnidarians and ctenophores.

    “The presence of a well-developed nerve net correlates with the presence of basiepithelial muscle fibres directly innervated by nerve net neurons, in cnidarians and in ctenophores [61,67,128,132,133,135,136,138–142].”
  • The purely ectodermal nerve net in cerianthids suggests that the evolution of inner layer neurons occurred independently in ctenophore, cnidarian and bilaterian lineages.

    “In the cerianthids, a basal cnidarian lineage, the nerve net appears to be of purely ectodermal nature [128], which suggests that the evolution of inner layer neurons occurred independently in ctenophore, cnidarian and bilaterian lineages [136].”

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  1. 1440169x, 2009, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1440-169X.2009.01103.x, Wiley Online Library on [19/02/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Japanese Society of Developmental Biologists
  2. 1440169x, 2009, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1440-169X.2009.01103.x, Wiley Online Library on [19/02/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Japanese Society of Developmental Biologists
  3. 1440169x, 2009, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1440-169X.2009.01103.x, Wiley Online Library on [19/02/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Japanese Society of Developmental Biologists
  4. 1440169x, 2009, 3, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1440-169X.2009.01103.x, Wiley Online Library on [19/02/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

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Authors
Watanabe, H., Fujisawa, T., & Holstein, T. W.
Affiliations
Heidelberg University (DE)
Corresponding author
  • Watanabe, Hiroshi
  • Holstein, Thomas W.
Venue
Development, Growth & Differentiation
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-03-30
Volume
51
Issue
3
Pages
167-183
ISSN
  • 0012-1592 (ISSN-L)
  • 1440-169X
OpenAlex
W1636647670
Cited by
206
References
191
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
FWCI
0.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Development Growth & Differentiation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
  • Toyobo Biotechnology Foundation
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 488)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Keywords
Cnidaria, nervous system evolution, brain development, Bilateria, comparative neuroanatomy
MeSH terms
Animals, Cnidaria, Biological Evolution, Nervous System, Phylogeny

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