Effects of early-stage aging on locomotor dynamics and hindlimb muscle force production in the rat
Abstract
SUMMARY: Attenuation of locomotor function is common in many species of animals as they age. Dysfunctions may emerge from a constellation of age-related impairments, including increased joint stiffness, reduced ability to repair muscle tissue, and decreasing fine motor control capabilities. Any or all of these factors may contribute to gait abnormalities and substantially limit an animal's speed and mobility. In this study we examined the effects of aging on whole-animal locomotor performance and hindlimb muscle mechanics in young adult rats aged 6–8 months and ‘early aged’ 24-month-old rats (Rattus norvegicus, Fischer 344 × Brown Norway crosses). Analyses of gaits and kinematics demonstrated that aged rats moved significantly more slowly, sustained longer hindlimb support durations, moved with a greater proportion of asymmetrical gaits, were more plantigrade, and moved with a more kyphotic spinal posture than the young rats. Additionally, the external mechanical energy profiles of the aged animals were variable across trials, whereas the younger rats moved predominantly with bouncing mechanics. In situ analyses of the ankle extensor/plantar flexor muscle group (soleus, plantaris, and medial and lateral gastrocnemii) revealed reduced maximum force generation with aging, despite minimal changes in muscle mass. The weakened muscles were implicated in the degradation of hindfoot posture, as well as variability in center-of-mass mechanics. These results demonstrate that the early stages of aging have consequences for whole-body performance, even before age-related loss of muscle mass begins.
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Loss of muscle performance has a greater negative impact on older adults than loss of muscle mass.
“the preponderance of evidence from years indicates that loss of muscle performance has a greater negative impact on older adults than loss of mass [18, 20–25, 37–39].”
From Targeting Intramyocellular Lipids to Improve Aging Muscle Function (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Horner, A. M., Russ, D. W., & Biknevicius, A. R.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Ohio University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Horner, Angela M.
- ORCID
- Russ, David W.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Biology
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2011-11-01
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 3588-3595
- ISSN
- 0022-0949 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9145
- OpenAlex
- W2115380477
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Brown University
- Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- aging, locomotor function, gait kinematics, gait asymmetry, ankle extensor muscles, soleus muscle, gastrocnemius, plantaris, spinal posture, gait variability
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Gait, Hindlimb, Locomotion, Muscle Contraction, Muscle, Skeletal, Statistics, Nonparametric, Rats
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