The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Moving Cheaply: Energetics of Walking in the African Elephant
Abstract
Large animals have a much better fuel economy than small ones, both when they rest and when they run. At rest, each gram of tissue of the largest land animal, the African elephant, consumes metabolic energy at 1/20 the rate of a mouse; using existing allometric relationships, we calculate that it should be able to carry 1 g of its tissue (or a load) for 1 km at 1/40 the cost for a mouse. These relationships between energetics and size are so consistent that they have been characterized as biological laws. The elephant has massive legs and lumbers along awkwardly, suggesting that it might expend more energy to move about than other animals. We find, however, that its energetic cost of locomotion is predicted remarkably well by the allometric relationships and is the lowest recorded for any living land animal.
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The preferred walking speeds of horses and elephants are close to their minimum COT speeds.
“Further, the preferred walking speeds of horses and elephants also are close to their minimum COT speeds (Hoyt and Taylor, 1981;Langman et al., 1995).”
From Preferred walking speed on rough terrain: is it all about energetics? (2019) · cites this paper as Langman et al., 1995
Other species, including wildebeest, elephants and horses, exhibit preferred terrestrial locomotion speeds within each gait.
“It is worth noting that other species, for example wildebeest (Pennycuick, 1975), elephants (Langman et al., 1995) and horses (Hoyt and Taylor, 1981), also exhibit preferred terrestrial locomotion speeds within each gait.”
From Preferred walking speed on rough terrain: is it all about energetics? (2019) · cites this paper as Langman et al., 1995
Citations
Cites
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“Oxygen consumption increased fourfold as speed increased from 0.4 to 2.5 m s21, the fastest speed that the elephants maintained for 10 min.”
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Determinants of rate variation in mammalian DNA sequence evolution.
Bromham, L., Rambaut, A., & Harvey, P. H. (1996) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02202109 · Cited by 291
Reappraisal of the comparative cost of human locomotion using gait-specific allometric analyses.
Rubenson, J., Heliams, D. B., Maloney, S. K., Withers, P. C., Lloyd, D. G., & Fournier, P. A. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.000992 · Cited by 76
Gait-specific energetics contributes to economical walking and running in emus and ostriches
Watson, R. R., Rubenson, J., Coder, L., Hoyt, D. F., Propert, M. W. G., & Marsh, R. L. (2011) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2022 · Cited by 70
Preferred walking speed on rough terrain: is it all about energetics?
Gast, K., Kram, R., & Riemer, R. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.185447 · Cited by 58
Self-citationThe peacock train does not handicap cursorial locomotor performance
Thavarajah, N. K., Tickle, P. G., Nudds, R. L., & Codd, J. R. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep36512 · Cited by 25
Metadata
- Authors
- Langman, V. A., Roberts, T. J., Black, J., Maloiy, G. M. O., Heglund, N. C., Weber, J.-M., Kram, R., & Taylor, C. R.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University 1 Department of Biology , , 8515 Youree Drive, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA
- CFS, Harvard University 7 , Old Causeway Road, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
- 2 Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30315, USA
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Biotechnology Research 3 , PO Box 34206, Nairobi, Kenya
- 4 Pharos Systems, Inc., 12 Northview Avenue, Chelmsford, MA 01824-0816, USA
- University of Ottawa 5 Department of Biology , , 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- University of California 6 , Department of Human Biodynamics, 103 Harmon Gymnasium, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Biology
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 1995-03-01
- Volume
- 198
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 629-632
- ISSN
- 0022-0949
- 1477-9145
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
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