Lifestyle-Induced Decrease in Fat Mass Improves Adiponectin Secretion in Obese Adults
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: Several studies have identified relationships between weight loss and adipokine levels; however, none have looked at the combined effect of aerobic exercise training with the consumption of a low- or a high-glycemic diet. We examined the effects of 12 wk of aerobic exercise combined with either a low-glycemic index diet (∼40 U) plus exercise (LoGIX) or a high-glycemic index diet (∼80 U) diet plus exercise (HiGIX) on plasma leptin and adiponectin (total and high molecular weight [HMW]) in 27 older obese adults (age = 65 ± 0.5 yr, body mass index = 34.5 ± 0.7 kg·m). METHODS: Insulin sensitivity was calculated from an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting HMW adiponectin and leptin were quantified from plasma samples obtained before the insulin sensitivity index obtained from the oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose and insulin measures were obtained before and every 30 min during the test. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and computerized tomography were used to determine body composition and to quantify subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adiposity, respectively. RESULTS: Fasting leptin was significantly decreased in both groups (LoGIX: preintervention = 33.8 ± 4.7, postintervention = 19.2 ± 4.5; HiGIX: preintervention = 27.9 ± 4.2, postintervention = 11.9 ± 2.2 ng·mL; P = 0.004), and HMW adiponectin was significantly increased (LoGIX: preintervention = 1606.9 ± 34.6, postintervention = 3502.3 ± 57; HiGIX: preintervention = 3704.8 ± 38.1, postintervention = 4284.3 ± 52.8 pg·mL; P = 0.003) after the 12-wk intervention. Total body fat was reduced after both interventions. Visceral fat mass was inversely correlated with HMW adiponectin, whereas subcutaneous fat correlated with leptin. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that exercise training, independent of dietary glycemic index, favorably alters HMW adiponectin and leptin secretion and that a reduction in visceral fat mass is a key factor regulating HMW adiponectin in older obese persons.
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A 12-week aerobic exercise regime combined with a low glycaemic index diet or high glycaemic index diet resulted in reductions in leptin levels in two groups of participants who had elevated levels of adiponectin, suggesting that the reductions in leptin were a result of exercise training and independent of dietary glycaemic index.
“A 12-week aerobic exercise regime in combination with a low glycaemic index diet or high glycaemic index diet resulted in reductions in leptin levels in two groups of participants who had elevated levels of adiponectin, suggesting that the reductions in leptin were a result of exercise training and independent of dietary glycaemic index304.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [304]
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Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies
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“Interestingly, EAT shrink in a higher proportion than overall adiposity, and this was significantly associated with cardio-protection [67, 68].”
BackgroundExercise induces white adipose tissue browning across the weight spectrum in humans
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- Authors
- KELLY, K. R., NAVANEETHAN, S. D., SOLOMON, T. P. J., HAUS, J. M., COOK, M., BARKOUKIS, H., & KIRWAN, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 920-926
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3991752
- OpenAlex
- W2320007415
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 3.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG012834, R01AG12834)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007887)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK007319, U24DK076174)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024989)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- obesity, aerobic exercise training, low glycemic index diet, high glycemic index diet, adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin, leptin, adipokines, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, fat mass reduction, insulin sensitivity, older adults, weight loss, lifestyle intervention, body composition, glucose tolerance test, oral glucose tolerance test, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, lifestyle modification
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Weight, Obesity, Weight Loss, Leptin, Glycemic Index, Adiposity, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, Adiponectin
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