Acute Effects of Dietary Glycemic Index on Antioxidant Capacity in a Nutrient‐controlled Feeding Study
Open accessAbstract
Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between antioxidant capacity and reactive oxygen species, may be an early event in a metabolic cascade elicited by a high glycemic index (GI) diet, ultimately increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. We conducted a feeding study to evaluate the acute effects of low‐GI compared with high‐GI diets on oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The crossover study comprised two 10‐day in‐patient admissions to a clinical research center. For the admissions, 12 overweight or obese (BMI: 27–45 kg/m 2) male subjects aged 18–35 years consumed low‐GI or high‐GI diets controlled for potentially confounding nutrients. On day 7, after an overnight fast and then during a 5‐h postprandial period, we assessed total antioxidant capacity (total and perchloric acid (PCA) protein‐precipitated plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay) and oxidative stress status (urinary F 2α‐isoprostanes (F 2 IP)). On day 10, we measured cardiovascular disease risk factors. Under fasting conditions, total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher during the low‐GI vs. high‐GI diet based on total ORAC (11,736 ± 668 vs. 10,381 ± 612 µmol Trolox equivalents/l, P = 0.002) and PCA‐ORAC (1,276 ± 96 vs. 1,210 ± 96 µmol Trolox equivalents/l, P = 0.02). Area under the postprandial response curve also differed significantly between the two diets for total ORAC and PCA‐ORAC. No diet effects were observed for the other variables. Enhancement in plasma total antioxidant capacity occurs within 1 week on a low‐GI diet, before changes in other risk factors, raising the possibility that this phenomenon may mediate, at least in part, the previously reported effects of GI on health.
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There is emerging evidence on positive effects of low-GI diets on CHD risk factors such as oxidative damage and inflammation in overweight/obese and type 2 diabetic individuals.
“There has also been emerging evidence on the positive effects of low-GI diets on CHD risk factors such as oxidative damage58 and inflammation22 in overweight/obese and type 2 diabetic individuals, respectively.”
From Associations of Glycemic Index and Load With Coronary Heart Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohorts (2012) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Botero, D., Ebbeling, C. B., Blumberg, J. B., Ribaya‐Mercado, J. D., Creager, M. A., Swain, J. F., Feldman, H. A., & Ludwig, D. S.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ludwig, David S.
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1664-1670
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC2752149
- OpenAlex
- W2057081268
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01dk059240-04)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK59240, R01 DK059240, P30DK040561)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR002635)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- dietary glycemic index, low glycemic index diet, high glycemic index diet, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, cardiovascular risk factors, F2-isoprostanes, urinary biomarkers, postprandial oxidative stress, overweight and obesity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antioxidants, Blood Glucose, Energy Intake, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fasting, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Insulin, Male, Obesity, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress, Cross-Over Studies, Postprandial Period, F2-Isoprostanes, Glycemic Index, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, Young Adult
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