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Low FODMAP: A Preliminary Strategy to Reduce Gastrointestinal Distress in Athletes
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal (GI) distress in endurance athletes is prevalent and detrimental to performance. Adverse GI symptomatology can be analogous with irritable bowel syndrome, where fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyols (FODMAP) reduction has demonstrated efficacy. This study investigated the effects of low FODMAP (LFOD) diet on GI distress parameters in runners with a history of nonclinical exercise-associated GI symptoms. METHODS: Eleven recreationally competitive runners (five men, six women; 5-km personal best 23:00 ± 4:02 min:s) participated in the study. Runners were allocated to a randomized 6-d LFOD or high FODMAP (HFOD) diet separated by a 1-d wash-out in a controlled, single-blinded cross-over study. In each period participants completed two strenuous running sessions consisting of 5 × 1000 m and a 7-km threshold run. GI symptoms (during-exercise and daily) and the Daily Analysis of Life Demand for Athletes questionnaires were completed. Area under the curve was calculated for daily GI symptoms across each dietary period and analysis was conducted using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression for comparison between the two diets. RESULTS: A significantly smaller area under the curve for daily GI symptoms 6 d during the LFOD compared with HFOD (mean difference, -13.4; 95% confidence interval, -22 to -4.60; P = 0.003) was observed. The daily GI symptoms that were significantly lower during LFOD were flatulence (P < 0.001), urge to defecate (P = 0.04), loose stool (P = 0.03), and diarrhea (P = 0.004). No significant differences in during exercise symptoms or Daily Analysis of Life Demand for Athletes responses were observed between diets (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary findings suggest that short-term FODMAP reduction may be a beneficial intervention to minimize daily GI symptoms in runners with exercise-related GI distress.
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“Where symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are present, practicing a low FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol) diet has been shown to reduce GI distress acutely [142, 143].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [143]
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“Where symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are present, practicing a low FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol) diet has been shown to reduce GI distress acutely [142, 143].”
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Malsagova, K. A., Kopylov, A. T., Sinitsyna, A. A., Stepanov, A. A., Izotov, A., Butkova, T. V., Chingin, K., Сергеевич, К. М., & Kaysheva, A. L. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13113771 · Cited by 132
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Metadata
- Authors
- LIS, D. M., STELLINGWERFF, T., KITIC, C. M., FELL, J. W., & AHUJA, K. D. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 116-123
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2750930888
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 23.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- UTAS Research Repository (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- low FODMAP diet, FODMAPs, endurance runners, irritable bowel syndrome, flatulence, diarrhea, dietary intervention, recreational runners
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymers, Running, Single-Blind Method, Cross-Over Studies, Athletes
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