Vigorous physical activity, mediating biomarkers, and risk of myocardial infarction
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PURPOSE: The effects of physical activity on risk of myocardial infarction (MI) are well documented and may include beneficial changes in blood lipids, inflammatory markers, and insulin sensitivity. The degree to which these and other traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular biomarkers mediate the inverse association between physical activity and risk of MI in men remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study among 18,225 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study followed from 1994 to 2004. A total of 412 men with incident MI were matched 1:2 with control participants on age and smoking status using risk-set sampling. From detailed responses to a modified Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire, we determined the association between average hours of vigorous-intensity activity (activities requiring METs ≥ 6) and MI risk. RESULTS: For a 3-h·wk(-1) increase in vigorous-intensity activity, the multivariate relative risk (RR) of MI was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61-0.98). In models including preexisting CVD-related conditions, further adjustment for HDL-C, vitamin D, apolipoprotein B, and hemoglobin A1c attenuated the RR by 70% (95% CI = 12%-127%) to an RR of 0.93 (95% CI = 0.72-1.19). CONCLUSIONS: Participating in 3 h·wk(-1) of vigorous-intensity activity is associated with a 22% lower risk of MI among men. This inverse association can be partially explained by the beneficial effects of physical activity on HDL-C, vitamin D, apolipoprotein B, and hemoglobin A1c. Although the inverse association attributable to these biomarkers is substantial, future research should explore benefits of exercise beyond these biomarkers of risk.
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The Paffenbarger questionnaire is predictive of health conditions related to physical activity, including myocardial infarction, and total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose.
“The Paffenbarger questionnaire is predictive of health conditions that are related to physical activity, including myocardial infarction (36), and total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose (35).”
From Social jetlag, chronotype, and cardiometabolic risk (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- CHOMISTEK, A. K., CHIUVE, S. E., JENSEN, M. K., COOK, N. R., & RIMM, E. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1884-1890
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3249756
- OpenAlex
- W2041084882
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-11181, R01AA011181)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL07575, R01HL035464, HL35464, T32HL007575)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK007703)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- high-intensity exercise, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular risk, HDL cholesterol, vitamin D, apolipoprotein B, HbA1c, serum lipids, inflammatory markers, insulin sensitivity, mediation analysis, men, Health Professionals Follow-up Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Apolipoproteins B, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Motor Activity, Myocardial Infarction, Risk, Vitamin D, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies
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