Cited by 889Sports Analytics and PerformanceForecasting Techniques and ApplicationsDecision-Making and Behavioral Economics

Prediction Markets

Open access
Wolfers, Justin, Zitzewitz, Eric·2004·Journal of Economic Perspectives

Abstract

We analyze the extent to which simple markets can be used to aggregate disperse information into efficient forecasts of uncertain future events. Drawing together data from a range of prediction contexts, we show that market-generated forecasts are typically fairly accurate, and that they outperform most moderately sophisticated benchmarks. Carefully designed contracts can yield insight into the market's expectations about probabilities, means and medians, and also uncertainty about these parameters. Moreover, conditional markets can effectively reveal the market's beliefs about regression coefficients, although we still have the usual problem of disentangling correlation from causation. We discuss a number of market design issues and highlight domains in which prediction markets are most likely to be useful.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1257/0895330041371321

Cites

17 of 89 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Prediction markets have been successfully used in several other fields such as sports, entertainment, and politics.

    “Prediction markets have also been successfully used in several other fields such as sports, entertainment, and politics ( 25 , 59-62 ).”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Part of this paper’s reference list could not be split into single entries.

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 61

  1. Athanasoulis, Stefano, Robert Shiller and Eric van Wincoop. 1999. "Macro Markets and Finan- cial Security." Economic Policy Review. 5:1, pp. 21- 39.
  2. Forsythe, Robert, Thomas Rietz and Thomas Ross. 1999. "Wishes, Expectations and Actions: Price Formation in Election Stock Markets." Jour- nal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 39:1, pp. 83-110.
  3. Hanson, Robin. 1999. "Decision Markets." IEEE Intelligent Systems. 14:3, pp. 16 -19.
  4. Plott, Charles and Shyam Sunder. 1988. "Ra- tional Expectations and The Aggregation of Di- verse information in Laboratory Security Mar- kets." Econometrica. 56:5, pp. 1085-118.
  5. Shiller, Robert. 2003. The New Financial Order: Risk in the Twenty-First Century. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
  6. Nicola Dimitri. 2023. VOTING IN DAOs. Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice 2. . [Crossref] · DOI
  7. Yuanyuan Lei, Chen Wang. 2023. Extracting the wisdom of a smaller crowd from dependent quantile judgments. IISE Transactions 55:6, 574-587. [Crossref] · DOI
  8. Kensuke Ito. 2023. Be More Conceptual Regarding Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) as Art. Leonardo 56:3, 290-291. [Crossref] · DOI
  9. Majid Karimi, Stanko Dimitrov. 2023. To Subsidize Or Not to Subsidize: A Comparison of Market Scoring Rules and Continuous Double Auctions for Price Discovery. Information Systems Frontiers 5. . [Crossref] · DOI
  10. Hannah Gampe, Christopher Griffin. 2023. Dynamics of a binary option market with exogenous information and price sensitivity. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 118, 106994. [Crossref] · DOI
  11. Richard P Mann. 2023. Optimising collective accuracy among rational individuals in sequential decision-making with competition. Collective Intelligence 2:2, 263391372311764. [Crossref] · DOI
  12. Bo Wang, Zhen Zhou. 2023. Informational feedback between voting and speculative trading. Games and Economic Behavior 138, 387-406. [Crossref] · DOI
  13. Taylor Wiesen. 2023. Aggregate earnings and market expectations in United States presidential election prediction markets. Advances in Accounting 60, 100639. [Crossref] · DOI
  14. Ville A. Satopää, Marat Salikhov, Philip E. Tetlock, Barbara Mellers. 2023. Decomposing the effects of crowd-wisdom aggregators: The bias-information-noise (BIN) model. International Journal of Forecasting 39:1, 470-485. [Crossref] · DOI
  15. Antonio Filippin, Marco Mantovani. 2023. Risk aversion and information aggregation in binary-asset markets. Quantitative Economics 14:2, 753-798. [Crossref] · DOI
  16. Mahdieh Shamsi, Paul Cuffe. Towards Conditional Prediction Markets as Policy-Making Instruments for the Promotion of Renewable Energy 1-6. [Crossref] · DOI
  17. Lawrence Choo, Todd R. Kaplan, Ro'i Zultan. 2022. Manipulation and (Mis)trust in Prediction Markets. Management Science 68:9, 6716-6732. [Crossref] · DOI
  18. Ziemowit Bednarek, Jacqueline M. Doremus, Sarah S. Stith. 2022. U.S. cannabis laws projected to cost generic and brand pharmaceutical firms billions. PLOS ONE 17:8, e0272492. [Crossref] · DOI
  19. Majid Karimi, Nima Zaerpour. 2022. Put your money where your forecast is: Supply chain collaborative forecasting with cost-function-based prediction markets. European Journal of Operational Research 300:3, 1035-1049. [Crossref] · DOI
  20. Jonghwan (Simon) Kim, Heung-Jae Jeon, Grace Goun Kim. 2022. Overconfidence or competence? Your employees know. Economics Letters 216, 110580. [Crossref] · DOI
  21. Thomas Ferguson, Paul Jorgensen, Jie Chen. 2022. How money drives US congressional elections: Linear models of money and outcomes. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 61, 527-545. [Crossref] · DOI
  22. Mahdieh Shamsi, Paul Cuffe. 2022. Using Binary Prediction Markets as Hedging Instruments: Strategies for Renewable Generators. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 13:2, 1160-1163. [Crossref] 40. 2022. Letters. Significance 19:2, 46-47. [Crossref] · DOI
  23. Stephen V. Marks, Seth C. Pope. 2022. Private prison stocks and the 2020 presidential election. Social Science Quarterly 31. . [Crossref] · DOI
  24. Hozan K. Hamarashid, Soran A. Saeed, Tarik A. Rashid. 2022. A comprehensive review and evaluation on text predictive and entertainment systems. Soft Computing 26:4, 1541-1562. [Crossref] · DOI
  25. Mohannad Jreissat, Charalampos Makatsoris. 2022. Towards consumer driven food new product development: a closed-loop platform. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 35:2, 183-202. [Crossref] · DOI
  26. Michele Ciampi, Muhammad Ishaq, Malik Magdon-Ismail, Rafail Ostrovsky, Vassilis Zikas. FairMM: A Fast and Frontrunning-Resistant Crypto Market-Maker 428-446. [Crossref] · DOI
  27. Sirio Aramonte. 2022. Inflation Risk and the Labor Market. SSRN Electronic Journal 116. . [Crossref] · DOI
  28. Itay Goldstein. 2022. Information in Financial Markets and Its Real Effects. SSRN Electronic Journal 23. . [Crossref] · DOI
  29. Ruslan Momot, Marat Salikhov. 2022. Information Elicitation from Teams of Privacy-Conscious Experts. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] · DOI
  30. Nishanth Nakshatri, Arjun Menon, C. Lee Giles, Sarah Rajtmajer, Christopher Griffin. 2021. Design and analysis of a synthetic prediction market using dynamic convex sets. Results in Control and Optimization 5, 100052. [Crossref] · DOI
  31. John R. Birge, Yifan Feng, N. Bora Keskin, Adam Schultz. 2021. Dynamic Learning and Market Making in Spread Betting Markets with Informed Bettors. Operations Research 69:6, 1746-1766. [Crossref] · DOI
  32. Mahdieh Shamsi, Paul Cuffe. 2021. A Prediction Market Trading Strategy to Hedge Financial Risks of Wind Power Producers in Electricity Markets. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 36:5, 4513-4523. [Crossref] · DOI
  33. CHRISTOPH SIEMROTH. 2021. When Can Decision Makers Learn from Financial Market Prices?. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 53:6, 1523-1552. [Crossref] · DOI
  34. Leonid Komissarov, Robert Rüger, Matti Hellström, Toon Verstraelen. 2021. ParAMS: Parameter Optimization for Atomistic and Molecular Simulations. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 61:8, 3737-3743. [Crossref] · DOI
  35. Stephen L. France, Yuying Shi, Brett Kazandjian. 2021. Web Trends: A valuable tool for business research. Journal of Business Research 132, 666-679. [Crossref] · DOI
  36. Ahrash Dianat, Christoph Siemroth. 2021. Improving decisions with market information: an experiment on corporate prediction markets. Experimental Economics 24:1, 143-176. [Crossref] · DOI
  37. Mohammed Abdellaoui, Han Bleichrodt, Emmanuel Kemel, Olivier l'Haridon. 2021. Measuring Beliefs Under Ambiguity. Operations Research 69:2, 599-612. [Crossref] · DOI
  38. Andreas Kern, Puspa Amri. 2021. Political credit cycles. Economics & Politics 33:1, 76-108. [Crossref] · DOI
  39. William Halal. The Coming Space Age 270-280. [Crossref] · DOI
  40. Rajiv Sethi, Julie Seager, Emily Cai, Daniel Benjamin, Fred Morstatter. 2021. Models, Markets, and the Forecasting of Elections. SSRN Electronic Journal 10. . [Crossref] · DOI
  41. Ville Satopää, Marat Salikhov, Philip Tetlock, Barb Mellers. 2021. Decomposing the Effects of Crowd-Wisdom Aggregators: The Bias-Information-Noise (BIN) Model. SSRN Electronic Journal 30. . [Crossref] · DOI
  42. Yang Zhao, Min-Teh Yu. 2020. Predicting catastrophe risk: Evidence from catastrophe bond markets. Journal of Banking & Finance 121, 105982. [Crossref] · DOI
  43. Jason M. Tangen, Kirsty M. Kent, Rachel A. Searston. 2020. Collective intelligence in fingerprint analysis. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 5:1. . [Crossref] · DOI
  44. Robert P Lieli, Augusto Nieto-Barthaburu. 2020. On the Possibility of Informative Equilibria in Futures Markets with Feedback. Journal of the European Economic Association 18:3, 1521-1552. [Crossref] · DOI
  45. George J. Mailath, Larry Samuelson. 2020. Learning under Diverse World Views: Model-Based Inference. American Economic Review 110:5, 1464-1501. [Abstract] [View PDF article] [PDF with links] · DOI
  46. George Christodoulakis. 2020. Estimating the term structure of commodity market preferences. European Journal of Operational Research 282:3, 1146-1163. [Crossref] · DOI
  47. Marcus Pivato, Arnold Soh. 2020. Weighted representative democracy. Journal of Mathematical Economics 88, 52-63. [Crossref] · DOI
  48. Kelly Huang, Meng Li, Stanimir Markov. 2020. What Do Employees Know? Evidence from a Social Media Platform. The Accounting Review 95:2, 199-226. [Crossref] · DOI
  49. Sabrina Armenio, Angela Stefania Bergantino, Andrea Morone. Can Laboratory Experiments Help in Evaluating Emission Trading Schemes? A Pilot Experiment on Aviation Allowances: Lessons to Be Learned 215-242. [Crossref] · DOI
  50. Anthony M. Diercks, Daniel Soques, William Waller. 2020. The 283 Days of Stock Returns after the 2016 Election. SSRN Electronic Journal 5. . [Crossref] · DOI
  51. Spyros Galanis. 2020. No Trade in a Blockchain. SSRN Electronic Journal 4. . [Crossref] 100. Henrich R. Greve, Nils Rudi, Anup Walvekar. 2019. Strategic rule breaking: Time wasting to win soccer games. PLOS ONE 14:12, e0224150. [Crossref] 101. Eskil Forsell, Domenico Viganola, Thomas Pfeiffer, Johan Almenberg, Brad Wilson, Yiling Chen, Brian A. Nosek, Magnus Johannesson, Anna Dreber. 2019. Predicting replication outcomes in the Many Labs 2 study. Journal of Economic Psychology 75, 102117. [Crossref] 102. Robert L. Winkler, Yael Grushka-Cockayne, Kenneth C. Lichtendahl, Victor Richmond R. Jose. 2019. Probability Forecasts and Their Combination: A Research Perspective. Decision Analysis 16:4, 239-260. [Crossref] 103. Sepideh Bazazi, Jorina von Zimmermann, Bahador Bahrami, Daniel Richardson. 2019. Self-serving incentives impair collective decisions by increasing conformity. PLOS ONE 14:11, e0224725. [Crossref] 104. Stefano DellaVigna, Devin Pope, Eva Vivalt. 2019. Predict science to improve science. Science 366:6464, 428-429. [Crossref] 105. Hajime Mizuyama, Seiyu Yamaguchi, Mizuho Sato. 2019. A Prediction Market-Based Gamified Approach to Enhance Knowledge Sharing in Organizations. Simulation & Gaming 50:5, 572-597. [Crossref] 106. G. Bottazzi, D. Giachini. 2019. Far from the madding crowd: collective wisdom in prediction markets. Quantitative Finance 19:9, 1461-1471. [Crossref] 107. Raymond Fisman, Eric Zitzewitz. 2019. An Event Long-Short Index: Theory and Applications. American Economic Review: Insights 1:3, 357-372. [Abstract] [View PDF article] [PDF with links] 108. · DOI
  52. Robert L. Winkler, Yael Grushka-Cockayne, Kenneth C. Lichtendahl, Victor Richmond Jose. 2018. Averaging Probability Forecasts: Back to the Future. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 173. · DOI
  53. John R. Birge, Yifan Feng, N. Bora Keskin, Adam Schultz. 2018. Dynamic Learning and Market Making in Spread Betting Markets With Informed Bettors. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 174. Alasdair Brown. 2018. Parimutuel Versus Fixed-Odds Betting: Evidence from a Hybrid Market. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 175. · DOI
  54. Yuko Sakurai, Masato Shinoda, Satoshi Oyama, Makoto Yokoo. Flexible Reward Plans for Crowdsourced Tasks 400-415. [Crossref] 266. Stephen Coleman. 2015. Evolution of Russia's Political Party System Under the Influence of Social Conformity: 1993-2011. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 267. · DOI
  55. Kyle J. Kain, Trevon D. Logan. 2014. Are Sports Betting Markets Prediction Markets?. Journal of Sports Economics 15:1, 45-63. [Crossref] 294. Andrew Gelman, Eric Loken. 2014. Ethics and Statistics: The AAA Tranche of Subprime Science. CHANCE 27:1, 51-56. [Crossref] 295. Hajime Mizuyama, Shuhei Torigai, Michiko Anse. A Prediction Market Game to Route Selection under Uncertainty 222-229. [Crossref] 296. Pankaj Pandey, Einar Arthur Snekkenes. Using Prediction Markets to Hedge Information Security Risks 129-145. [Crossref] 297. Jihui Chen, Xiaoyong Zheng. 2014. Price Volatility and Contract Maturity: Evidence from an Online Futures Market for Sports Tickets. Eastern Economic Journal 40:1, 56-70. [Crossref] 298. Mark Klein, Ana Cristina Bicharra Garcia. 2014. The Bag of Stars: High-Speed Idea Filtering for Open Innovation. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 299. Karsten Eisenschmidt, Matthias Schmidt. 2014. Integrating Prediction Markets into the Due Process of International Accounting Standard Setting -A Possible Path to Achieve Legitimate Accounting Standards. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 300. Bertrand Claude Lemennicier. 2014. What is Wrong with Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection Problems in the Conventional Economic Theory. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 301. Christoph Siemroth. 2014. Why Prediction Markets Work: The Role of Information Acquisition and Endogenous Weighting. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 302. · DOI
  56. Easwar A. Nyshadham, Janaki Krishnamurthy. 2012. Software Quality Market: Design and Field Study of a Prediction Market. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 385. · DOI
  57. Zhiling Guo, Fang Fang, Andrew B. Whinston. Managing Supply Uncertainty with an Information Market 80-95. [Crossref] 478. Xi Alice Gao, Yiling Chen. An Axiomatic Characterization of Continuous-Outcome Market Makers 505-514. [Crossref] 479. Sean Wise, Milan Miric, Dave Valliere. 2010. Testing the effectiveness of Semi -Predictive Markets: Are fight fans smarter than expert bookies?. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences 2:4, 6497-6502. [Crossref] 480. Jens Krause, Graeme D. Ruxton, Stefan Krause. 2010. Swarm intelligence in animals and humans. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 25:1, 28-34. [Crossref] 481. Christian Wagner, Sesia Zhao, Christoph Schneider, Huaping Chen. The Wisdom of Reluctant Crowds 1-10. [Crossref] 482. Phattara Sripawatakul, Daricha Sutivong. Decision framework for constructing prediction markets 35-39. [Crossref] 483. Joyce E. Berg, John Geweke, Thomas A. Rietz. 2010. Memoirs of an Indifferent Trader: Estimating Forecast Distributions from Prediction Markets. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 484. Ilona Babenko, Rik Sen. 2010. Do Non-Executive Employees Have Information? Evidence from Employee Stock Purchase Plans. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 485. Marc Chesney, Mustafa Karaman, Ganna Reshetar. 2010. The Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets: An Empirical Study. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 486. Calvin Blackwell. 2010. Results from a Simple Prediction Contest. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 487. Felipe A. Csaszar, J.P. Eggers. 2010. Organizing for Strategy Making: An Information Aggregation View. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 488. Stefan Berthold, Rainer Böhme. Valuating Privacy with Option Pricing Theory 187-209. [Crossref] 489. Johan Almenberg, Ken Kittlitz, Thomas Pfeiffer. 2009. An Experiment on Prediction Markets in Science. PLoS ONE 4:12, e8500. [Crossref] 490. Li Chen, Paulo Goes, James R. Marsden, Zhongju Zhang. 2009. Design and Use of Preference Markets for Evaluation of Early Stage Technologies. Journal of Management Information Systems 26:3, 45-70. [Crossref] 491. THEO OFFERMAN, JOEP SONNEMANS, GIJS VAN DE KUILEN, PETER P. WAKKER. 2009. A Truth Serum for Non-Bayesians: Correcting Proper Scoring Rules for Risk Attitudes. Review of Economic Studies 76:4, 1461-1489. [Crossref] 492. Jennifer L. Castle, Nicholas W.P. Fawcett, David F. Hendry. 2009. Nowcasting is not Just Contemporaneous Forecasting. National Institute Economic Review 210, 71-89. [Crossref] 493. Jolyon J. Faria, Edward A. Codling, John R.G. Dyer, Fritz Trillmich, Jens Krause. 2009. Navigation in human crowds; testing the many-wrongs principle. Animal Behaviour 78:3, 587-591. [Crossref] 494. Nikolaos Vlastakis, George Dotsis, Raphael N. Markellos. 2009. How efficient is the European football betting market? Evidence from arbitrage and trading strategies. Journal of Forecasting 28:5, 426-444. [Crossref] 495. Michael A. Smith, David Paton, Leighton Vaughan Williams. 2009. Do bookmakers possess superior skills to bettors in predicting outcomes?. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 71:2, 539-549. [Crossref] 496. Martin Spann, Holger Ernst, Bernd Skiera, Jan Henrik Soll. 2009. Identification of Lead Users for Consumer Products via Virtual Stock Markets. Journal of Product Innovation Management 26:3, 322-335. [Crossref] 497. Nicholas Seybert, Robert Bloomfield. 2009. Contagion of Wishful Thinking in Markets. Management Science 55:5, 738-751. [Crossref] 498. David S. Lee,, Enrico Moretti. 2009. Bayesian Learning and the Pricing of New Information: Evidence from Prediction Markets. American Economic Review 99:2, 330-336. [Citation] [View PDF article] [PDF with links] 499. · DOI
  58. Helena Veiga, Marc Vorsatz. 2009. Price manipulation in an experimental asset market. European Economic Review 53:3, 327-342. [Crossref] 500. Ray C. Fair. 2009. Interpreting the Predictive Uncertainty of Elections. The Journal of Politics 71:2, 612-626. [Crossref] 501. ROBIN HANSON, RYAN OPREA. 2009. A Manipulator Can Aid Prediction Market Accuracy. Economica 76:302, 304-314. [Crossref] 502. ALBERT N. LINK, JOHN T. SCOTT. 2009. Private Investor Participation and Commercialization Rates for Government-sponsored Research and Development: Would a Prediction Market Improve the Performance of the SBIR Programme?. Economica 76:302, 264-281. [Crossref] 503. JUSTIN WOLFERS, ERIC ZITZEWITZ. 2009. Using Markets to Inform Policy: The Case of the Iraq War. Economica 76:302, 225-250. [Crossref] 504. DAVID PATON, DONALD S. SIEGEL, LEIGHTON VAUGHAN WILLIAMS. 2009. The Growth of Gambling and Prediction Markets: Economic and Financial Implications. Economica 76:302, 219-224. [Crossref] 505. Joyce E. Berg, George R. Neumann, Thomas A. Rietz. 2009. Searching for Google's Value: Using Prediction Markets to Forecast Market Capitalization Prior to an Initial Public Offering. Management Science 55:3, 348-361. [Crossref] 506. John Ledyard, Robin Hanson, Takashi Ishikida. 2009. An experimental test of combinatorial information markets. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 69:2, 182-189. [Crossref] 507. Stefan M. Herzog, Ralph Hertwig. 2009. The Wisdom of Many in One Mind. Psychological Science 20:2, 231-237. [Crossref] 508. Efthimios Bothos, Dimitris Apostolou, Gregoris Mentzas. 2009. Collective intelligence for idea management with Internet-based information aggregation markets. Internet Research 19:1, 26-41. [Crossref] 509. Saikat Ray Majumder, Daniel Diermeier, Thomas A. Rietz, Luís A. Nunes Amaral. 2009. Price dynamics in political prediction markets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:3, 679-684. [Crossref] 510. Daniel E. O'Leary. Forecasting using internal markets, Delphi, and other approaches: The knowledge distribution grid 157-172. [Crossref] 511. Lennart Sjöberg. 2009. Are all crowds equally wise? a comparison of political election forecasts by experts and the public. Journal of Forecasting 28:1, 1-18. [Crossref] 512. Stefan Palan. Literature Review 11-65. [Crossref] 513. Joseph Farfel, Vincent Conitzer. Turing Trade: A Hybrid of a Turing Test and a Prediction Market 61-73. [Crossref] 514. Agostino Capponi, Umberto Cherubini. A Copula Function Approach to Infer Correlation in Prediction Markets 4-12. [Crossref] 515. Peng Shi, Vincent Conitzer, Mingyu Guo. Prediction Mechanisms That Do Not Incentivize Undesirable Actions 89-100. [Crossref] 516. Xi Gao, Yiling Chen, David M. Pennock. Betting on the Real Line 553-560. [Crossref] 517. Nick Bostrom. The Future of Humanity 186-215. [Crossref] 518. David Rothschild. 2009. Forecasting Elections. Public Opinion Quarterly 73:5, 895-916. [Crossref] 519. Shu-Heng Chen, Wei-Shao Wu. Price errors from thin markets and their corrections: Studies based on Taiwan's political futures markets 1-25. [Crossref] 520. Pierre Brun, Hideki Kawai, Kazuo Kunieda, Keiji Yamada. ChronoSeeker: Future Opinion Extraction 568-571. [Crossref] 521. Christopher Avery, Judith A. Chevalier, Richard J. Zeckhauser. 2009. The 'CAPS' Prediction System and Stock Market Returns. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 522. Christian Slamka, Wolfgang Jank, Bernd Skiera. 2009. Second-Generation Prediction Markets for Information Aggregation: A Comparison of Payoff Mechanisms. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 523. Marco Ottaviani, Peter Norman Sorensen. 2009. Aggregation of Information and Beliefs: Asset Pricing Lessons from Prediction Markets. SSRN Electronic Journal 85. . [Crossref] 524. Egon P. Franck, Erwin Verbeek, Stephan Nüesch. 2009. Prediction Accuracy of Different Market Structures -Bookmakers Versus a Betting Exchange. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 525. · DOI
  59. Katarina Kalovcova, Andreas Ortmann. 2008. Journal of Economic Psychology 29:1, 123-125. [Crossref] 541. K. Cuhls, R. Johnston. Corporate Foresight 103-114. [Crossref] 542. Tian-Ming Bu, Xiaotie Deng, Qianya Lin, Qi Qi. Strategies in Dynamic Pari-Mutual Markets 138-153. [Crossref] 543. Russell S. Sobel, Matt E. Ryan. Unifying the Favorite-Longshot Bias with Other Market Anomalies 137-160. [Crossref] 544. Erik Snowberg, Justin Wolfers, Eric Zitzewitz. Prediction Markets: From Politics to Business (and Back) 385-402. [Crossref] 545. David C. Croson. Prediction Market Design 1-4. [Crossref] 546. William E. Halal. Introduction: Guiding Technology's Promise 1-14. [Crossref] 547. Ulrich Sonnemann, Colin F. Camerer, Craig R. Fox, Thomas Langer. 2008. Partition-Dependent Framing Effects in Lab and Field Prediction Markets. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 548. Shimon Kogan, Anthony M. Kwasnica, Roberto A. Weber. 2008. Coordination in the Presence of Asset Markets. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 549. · DOI
  60. Robert W. Hahn, Paul C. Tetlock. 2007. Has Economic Analysis Improved Regulatory Decisions?. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 571. · DOI
  61. Yiling Chen, Tracy Mullen, Chao-Hsien Chu. 2006. An in-depth analysis of information markets with aggregate uncertainty. Electronic Commerce Research 6:2, 201-221. [Crossref] 580. Steven Kelman. 2006. Book Review Essay: 9/11 and the Challenges of Public Management: The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. Administrative Science Quarterly 51:1, 129-142. [Crossref] 581. Colin F. Camerer, Ernst Fehr. 2006. When Does "Economic Man" Dominate Social Behavior?. Science 311:5757, 47-52. [Crossref] 582. Arina Soukhoroukova, Martin Spann. 2006. Informationsmärkte. WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 48:1, 61-64. [Crossref] 583. J. Scott Armstrong. 2006. Findings from evidence-based forecasting: Methods for reducing forecast error. International Journal of Forecasting 22:3, 583-598. [Crossref] 584. Robert W. Hahn, Paul C. Tetlock. 2006. Information Markets: A New Way of Making Decisions. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 585. James Dow, Itay Goldstein, Alexander Guembel. 2006. Commitment to Overinvest and Price Informativeness. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 586. Justin Wolfers, Eric Zitzewitz. 2006. Prediction Markets in Theory and Practice. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 587. Hans Gersbach, Markus Müller. 2006. Elections, Contracts and Markets. SSRN Electronic Journal 14. . [Crossref] 588. Steve Easton, Richard Gerlach. 2005. Interest rates and the 2004 Australian Election. Australian Journal of Political Science 40:4, 559-566. [Crossref] 589. Jonathan A. Morell. 2005. Why Are There Unintended Consequences of Program Action, and What Are the Implications for Doing Evaluation?. American Journal of Evaluation 26:4, 444-463. [Crossref] 590. Leighton Vaughan Williams. Models, markets, polls and pundits: a case study of information efficiency 193-214. [Crossref] 591. Erik Snowberg, Justin Wolfers, Eric Zitzewitz. Information (in)efficiency in prediction markets 366-386. [Crossref] 592. Raymond D. Sauer. 2005. The state of research on markets for sports betting and suggested future directions. Journal of Economics and Finance 29:3, 416-426. [Crossref] 593. Gerald F. Davis. 2005. New Directions in Corporate Governance. Annual Review of Sociology 31:1, 143-162. [Crossref] 594. Refet S. Gürkaynak, Justin Wolfers, Christopher D. Carroll, Adam Szeidl. 2005. Macroeconomic Derivatives: An Initial Analysis of Market-Based Macro Forecasts, Uncertainty, and Risk [with Comments]. NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2005:1, 11-64. [Crossref] 595. Paul C. Tetlock, Robert W. Hahn, Donald D. Lien. 2005. Designing Information Markets for Decision Making. SSRN Electronic Journal . [Crossref] 596. · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wolfers, J., & Zitzewitz, E.
Affiliations
  • National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
  • Stanford University (US)
Venue
Journal of Economic Perspectives
Published
2004-05-01
Volume
18
Issue
2
Pages
107-126
ISSN
0895-3309 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4256232447
Cited by
889
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 85 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 67
FWCI
43.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journal of Economic Perspectives (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Sports Analytics and Performance
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Forecasting Techniques and Applications
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Keywords
prediction markets, information aggregation, forecast accuracy, market design, regression coefficients, correlation versus causation, probability elicitation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review