Cited by 476Air Quality and Health ImpactsClimate Change and Health ImpactsIndoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure

Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA): a multicity study of short-term effects of air pollution on mortality

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Wong, Chit-Ming, Vichit-Vadakan, Nuntavarn, Kan, Haidong, Qian, Zhengmin·2008·Environmental Health Perspectives

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although the deleterious effects of air pollution from fossil fuel combustion have been demonstrated in many Western nations, fewer studies have been conducted in Asia. The Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA) project assessed the effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on daily mortality in Bangkok, Thailand, and in three cities in China: Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Wuhan. METHODS: Poisson regression models incorporating natural spline smoothing functions were used to adjust for seasonality and other time-varying covariates that might confound the association between air pollution and mortality. Effect estimates were determined for each city and then for the cities combined using a random effects method. RESULTS: In individual cities, associations were detected between most of the pollutants [nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter < or = 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)), and ozone] and most health outcomes under study (i.e., all natural-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality). The city-combined effects of the four pollutants tended to be equal or greater than those identified in studies conducted in Western industrial nations. In addition, residents of Asian cities are likely to have higher exposures to air pollution than those in Western industrial nations because they spend more time outdoors and less time in air conditioning. CONCLUSIONS: Although the social and environmental conditions may be quite different, it is reasonable to apply estimates derived from previous health effect of air pollution studies in the West to Asia.

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  1. HEI 2004 Health Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution in Developing Countries of Asia: A Literature Review Health Effects Institute Special Report 15

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Authors
Wong, C.-M., Vichit-Vadakan, N., Kan, H., & Qian, Z.
Affiliations
  • University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author
Wong, Chit-Ming
Venue
Environmental Health Perspectives
Published
2008-07-09
Volume
116
Issue
9
Pages
1195-1202
ISSN
  • 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-9924
OpenAlex
W2165456540
Cited by
476
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 33
FWCI
15.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Health Effects Institute
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
Keywords
air pollution, short-term exposure, mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, natural death, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, ozone, Asian cities, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Wuhan, fossil fuel combustion, exposure assessment
MeSH terms
Aged, Air Pollution, Asia, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Middle Aged, Public Health

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