Phthalate Exposure and Allergy in the U.S. Population: Results from NHANES 2005–2006

Hoppin, Jane A.; Jaramillo, Renee; London, Stephanie J.; Bertelsen, Randi J.; Salo, Päivi M.; Sandler, Dale P.; Zeldin, Darryl C.

doi:10.1289/ehp.1206211

Cited by 151Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsAsthma and respiratory diseasesOccupational exposure and asthma

Phthalate Exposure and Allergy in the U.S. Population: Results from NHANES 2005–2006

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Hoppin, Jane A., Jaramillo, Renee, London, Stephanie J., Bertelsen, Randi J., Salo, Päivi M., Sandler, Dale P., Zeldin, Darryl C.·2013·Environmental Health Perspectives

DOI 10.1289/ehp.1206211PMC PMC3801456

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Abstract

Background: Environmental exposures to phthalates, particularly high-molecular-weight (HMW) phthalates, are suspected to contribute to allergy. Objective: We assessed whether phthalate metabolites are associated with allergic symptoms and sensitization in a large nationally representative sample. Methods: We used data on urinary phthalate metabolites and allergic symptoms (hay fever, rhinitis, allergy, wheeze, asthma) and sensitization from participants ≥ 6 years of age in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006. Allergen sensitization was defined as a positive response to at least one of 19 specific IgE antigens (≥ 0.35 kU/L). Odds ratios (ORs) per one log10 unit change in phthalate concentration were estimated using logistic regression adjusting for age, race, body mass index, gender, creatinine, and cotinine. Separate analyses were conducted for children (6–17 years of age) and adults. Results: The HMW phthalate metabolite monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) was the only metabolite positively associated with current allergic symptoms in adults (wheeze, asthma, hay fever, and rhinitis). Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate and the sum of diethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (both representing HMW phthalate exposures) were positively associated with allergic sensitization in adults. Conversely, in children, HMW phthalate metabolites were inversely associated with asthma and hay fever. Of the low-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites, monoethyl phthalate was inversely associated with allergic sensitization in adults (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.90). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample, HMW phthalate metabolites, particularly MBzP, were positively associated with allergic symptoms and sensitization in adults, but there was no strong evidence for associations between phthalates and allergy in children 6–17 years of age. Citation: Hoppin JA, Jaramillo R, London SJ, Bertelsen RJ, Salo PM, Sandler DP, Zeldin DC. 2013. Phthalate exposure and allergy in the U.S. population: results from NHANES 2005–2006. Environ Health Perspect 121:1129–1134; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206211 [Online 25 June 2013].

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DEHP and BzBP and their monoesters are regarded as allergens, and exposure to them has been associated with asthma and wheezing in adults.
“DEHP and BzBP and their monoesters are regarded as allergens, and exposure to them has been associated with asthma and wheezing in adults [200,201].”
From A Review of Biomonitoring of Phthalate Exposures (2019) · cites this paper as [201]
The Results (Table 3) associate MBzP, a metabolite of BBzP, with current asthma and wheeze in adults. They do not show a significant association between DEHP metabolites and either symptom. The Introduction and Discussion describe DEHP and BBzP as chemicals that may alter responses to allergens, not as allergens themselves. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Exposure to high molecular weight phthalates is associated with allergies and asthma.
“Exposure to high molecular weight phthalates are is associated with allergies and asthma [200,201].”
From A Review of Biomonitoring of Phthalate Exposures (2019) · cites this paper as [201]
The Results report that MBzP, a high-molecular-weight phthalate metabolite, was positively associated with asthma and allergic symptoms in adults. The claim is broader than the findings: no other high-molecular-weight metabolite was significantly associated with allergic symptoms in adults, and some associations with asthma and hay fever in children were inverse. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors: Hoppin, J. A., Jaramillo, R., London, S. J., Bertelsen, R. J., Salo, P. M., Sandler, D. P., & Zeldin, D. C.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
SRA International (United States) (US)
United States Department of Health and Human Services (US)
Corresponding author: Hoppin, Jane A.
ORCID: Hoppin, Jane A.
London, Stephanie J.
Bertelsen, Randi J.
Salo, Päivi M.
Sandler, Dale P.
Zeldin, Darryl C.
Venue: Environmental Health Perspectives
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2013-06-25
Volume: 121
Issue: 10
Pages: 1129-1134
ISSN: 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
1552-9924
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206211
PMC: PMC3801456
OpenAlex: W2037740273
Cited by: 151
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 9.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: public-domain
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 1648 d)
Locations: Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01ES025041)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational exposure and asthma
Keywords: phthalates, high molecular weight phthalates, allergen sensitization, allergic symptoms, monobenzyl phthalate, mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate, DEHP, monoethyl phthalate, urinary phthalate metabolites, asthma, allergic rhinitis, rhinitis, wheezing, children, adults, environmental exposure
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immune System, Male, Phthalic Acids, United States, Logistic Models, Young Adult

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Phthalate Exposure and Allergy in the U.S. Population: Results from NHANES 2005–2006

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