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Cited by 458

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cancer and developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors.

Open access
Birnbaum, Linda S, Fenton, Suzanne E·2003·Environmental Health Perspectives

Abstract

Developing organisms have increased susceptibility to cancer if they are exposed to environmental toxicants during rapid growth and differentiation. Human studies have demonstrated clear increases in cancer after prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation, and there is suggestive evidence that brain tumors and leukemia are associated with parental exposures to chemicals. Animal experiments have demonstrated increased tumor formation induced by prenatal or neonatal exposure to a variety of chemicals, including direct-acting carcinogens and drugs. Recently, natural estrogens have been classified as known human carcinogens. Prenatal exposure to natural and synthetic estrogens is associated with increases in breast and vaginal tumors in humans as well as uterine tumors in animals. Synthetic halogenated chemicals increase liver tumors after early life-stage exposure. Recently, a prototypical endocrine-disrupting compound, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, has been shown to be a developmental toxicant of the mammary gland in rodents. Dioxin alters multiple endocrine systems, and its effects on the developing breast involve delayed proliferation and differentiation of the mammary gland, as well as an elongation of the window of sensitivity to potential carcinogens. Implications of these new findings suggest that causes of endocrine-related cancers or susceptibility to cancer may be a result of developmental exposures rather than exposures existing at or near the time of tumor detection.

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Metadata

Authors
Birnbaum, L. S., & Fenton, S. E.
Venue
Environmental Health Perspectives
Published
2003-04
Volume
111
Issue
4
Pages
389-394
ISSN
  • 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-9924
OpenAlex
W2027109773
Cited by
458
References
57
FWCI
12.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cancer and developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1289/ehp.5686
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Birnbaum, L. S., & Fenton, S. E. (2003). Cancer and developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors. Environmental Health Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5686

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