Exploring Route-Specific Pharmacokinetics of PFAS in Mice by Coupling in Vivo Tests and Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Models
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Oral ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact are important exposure routes for humans to uptake per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, nasal and dermal exposure to PFAS remains unclear, and accurately predicting internal body burden of PFAS in humans via multiple exposure pathways is urgently required. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to develop multiple physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models to unveil the route-specific pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of PFAS via respective oral, nasal, and dermal exposure pathways using a mouse model and sought to predict the internal concentrations in various tissues through multiple exposure routes and extrapolate it to humans. METHODS: Mice were administered the mixed solution of perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate, and perfluorooctanoic acid through oral, nasal, and dermal exposure separately or jointly. The time-dependent concentrations of PFAS in plasma and tissues were determined to calibrate and validate the individual and combined PBTK models, which were applied in single- and repeated-dose scenarios. RESULTS: The developed route-specific PBTK models successfully simulated the tissue concentrations of PFAS in mice following single or joint exposure routes as well as long-term repeated dose scenarios. The time to peak concentration of PFAS in plasma via dermal exposure was much longer (34.1-83.0 h) than that via nasal exposure (0.960 h). The bioavailability of PFAS via oral exposure was the highest (73.2%-98.0%), followed by nasal (33.9%-66.8%) and dermal exposure (4.59%-7.80%). This model was extrapolated to predict internal levels in human under real environment. DISCUSSION: Based on these data, we predict the following: PFAS were absorbed quickly via nasal exposure, whereas a distinct hysteresis effect was observed for dermal exposure. Almost all the PFAS to which mice were exposed via gastrointestinal route were absorbed into plasma, which exhibited the highest bioavailability. Exhalation clearance greatly depressed the bioavailability of PFAS via nasal exposure, whereas the lowest bioavailability in dermal exposure was because of the interception of PFAS within the skin layers. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11969.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The mouse-to-human extrapolation of PFAS plasma kinetics was supported by a physiologically based toxicokinetic model that was validated against the in vivo data.
“To ensure accuracy of the mouse to human PFAS extrapolation in plasma, a physiologically based toxicokinetic model was established.”
From Adverse health effects of PFAS (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
The Methods section ‘Extrapolating from Mouse to Human’ describes extrapolating the mouse PBTK model to humans and validating the human model against observed population data. The Results section ‘Prediction of the Repeated Exposure in Mouse and Extrapolation to Human’ also compares model predictions with measured animal concentrations. However, the human extrapolation and validation described here are for PFOS specifically, not PFAS generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe human PBTK model demonstrated that oral intake was the primary route for PFOS accumulation in human plasma.
“In this case, the human PBTK model demonstrated that oral intake was the primary route for PFOS accumulation in human plasma.”
From Adverse health effects of PFAS (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
In Zhu et al.'s study, PFHxS reached the highest concentration in plasma, while PFOS was greatest in the liver.
“Among the different types of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFHxS was at the highest concentration in plasma, while PFOS was greatest in the liver.”
From Adverse health effects of PFAS (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diehl, K., Hull, R., Morton, D. B., Pfister, R., Rabemampianina, Y., Smith, D. W., Vidal, J., & Vorstenbosch, C. V. D. (2001) · Journal of Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jat.727 · Cited by 1,570 · see citing works
UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme
Maier, J. (2010) · Brill | Nijhoff eBooks · doi:10.1163/ej.9789004180048.i-962.612 · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works
Physiological Parameter Values for Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models
Brown, R. P., Delp, M. D., Lindstedt, S. L., Rhomberg, L. R., & Beliles, R. P. (1997) · Toxicology and Industrial Health · doi:10.1177/074823379701300401 · Cited by 1,408 · see citing works
Peer Reviewed: Perfluorochemical Surfactants in the Environment
Giesy, J. P., & Kannan, K. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es022253t · Cited by 1,103 · see citing works
Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
Panel), E. P. O. C. I. T. F. C. (. C., Schrenk, D., Bignami, M., Bodin, L., Chipman, J. K., del Mazo, J., Grasl‐Kraupp, B., Hogstrand, C., Hoogenboom, L. (., Leblanc, J., et al. (2020) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6223 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Turner, P. V., Brabb, T., Pekow, C. A., & Vasbinder, M. A. (2011) · PubMed Central · Cited by 982 · see citing works
Compound-specific, quantitative characterization of organic fluorochemicals in biological matrices
Hansen, K. J., Clemen, L. A., Ellefson, M. E., & Johnson, H. O. (2001) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es001489z · Cited by 923 · see citing works
Half-Lives of PFOS, PFHxS and PFOA after End of Exposure to Contaminated Drinking Water
Li, Y., Fletcher, T., Mucs, D., Scott, K., Lindh, C. H., Tallving, P., & Jakobsson, K. (2018) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104651 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
The overlooked short- and ultrashort-chain poly- and perfluorinated substances: A review
Ateia, M., Maroli, A., Tharayil, N., & Karanfil, T. (2019) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.186 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Sager, J. E., Yu, J., Ragueneau, I., & Isoherranen, N. (2015) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.115.065920 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
(CONTAM), E. P. O. C. I. T. F. C., Knutsen, H. K., Alexander, J., Barregård, L., Bignami, M., Brüschweiler, B. J., Ceccatelli, S., Cottrill, B., Dinovi, M., Edler, L., et al. (2018) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Binding of Perfluorooctanoic Acid to Rat and Human Plasma Proteins
Han, X., Snow, T. A., Kemper, R. A., & Jepson, G. W. (2003) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx034005w · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Poothong, S., Papadopoulou, E., Padilla-Sánchez, J. A., Thomsen, C., & Haug, L. S. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105244 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Human distal airways contain a multipotent secretory cell that can regenerate alveoli
Basil, M. C., Cardenas‐Diaz, F. L., Kathiriya, J. J., Morley, M. P., Carl, J., Brumwell, A. N., Katzen, J. B., Slovik, K. J., Babu, A., Zhou, S., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04552-0 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Harrad, S. J., de Wit, C. A., Abdallah, M. A., den bergh, C. V., Björklund, J. A., Covaci, A., Darnerud, P. O., de Boer, J., Diamond, M. L., Huber, S., et al. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es903476t · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Haug, L. S., Thomsen, C., & Becher, G. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es802827u · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Assessing the human health risks of perfluorooctane sulfonate by in vivo and in vitro studies
Zeng, Z., Song, B., Xiao, R., Zeng, G., Gong, J., Chen, M., Xu, P., Zhang, P., Shen, M., & Yi, H. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.002 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Haines, D. A., Saravanabhavan, G., Werry, K., & Khoury, C. (2016) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.08.002 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Fluorinated Compounds in North American Cosmetics
Whitehead, H. D., Venier, M., Wu, Y., Eastman, E., Urbanik, S., Diamond, M. L., Shalin, A., Schwartz‐Narbonne, H., Bruton, T. A., Blum, A., et al. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00240 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Refining procedures for the administration of substances
Morton, D. B., Jennings, M., Buckwell, A. C., Ewbank, R., Godfrey, C., Holgate, B., Inglis, I., James, R., Page, C. P., Sharman, I. M., et al. (2001) · Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1258/0023677011911345 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Ohmori, K., Kudo, N., Katayama, K., & Kawashima, Y. (2002) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00573-5 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Gao, K., Zhuang, T., Liu, X., Fu, J., Zhang, J., Fu, J., Wang, L., Zhang, A., Liang, Y., Song, M., et al. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b00715 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Zhou, Z., Shi, Y., Vestergren, R., Wang, T., Liang, Y., & Cai, Y. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es4057467 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Perfluorinated Compounds in House Dust from Ohio and North Carolina, USA
Strynar, M. J., & Lindstrom, A. B. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es7032058 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Björklund, J. A., Thuresson, K., & de Wit, C. A. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es803201a · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Yang, C.-H., Glover, K. P., & Han, X. (2010) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfq219 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Zhang, T., Sun, H. W., Wu, Q., Zhang, X. Z., Yun, S. H., & Kannan, K. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es1000159 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Bhhatarai, B., & Gramatica, P. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es101181g · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Weaver, Y. M., Ehresman, D. J., Butenhoff, J. L., & Hagenbuch, B. (2009) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfp275 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Effect of voicing and articulation manner on aerosol particle emission during human speech
Asadi, S., Wexler, A. S., Cappa, C. D., Barreda, S., Bouvier, N. M., & Ristenpart, W. D. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227699 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Comparative pharmacokinetics of perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) in rats, mice, and monkeys
Sundström, M., Chang, S., Noker, P. E., Gorman, G. S., Hart, J. A., Ehresman, D. J., Bergman, Å., & Butenhoff, J. L. (2011) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.07.004 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Comparative pharmacokinetics of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in rats, mice, and monkeys
Chang, S., Noker, P. E., Gorman, G. S., Gibson, S. J., Hart, J. A., Ehresman, D. J., & Butenhoff, J. L. (2011) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.07.002 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Joerss, H., Apel, C., & Ebinghaus, R. (2019) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.363 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Hundley, S. G., Sarrif, A. M., & Kennedy, G. L. (2006) · Drug and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1080/01480540600561361 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Chang, S., Das, K. P., Ehresman, D. J., Ellefson, M. E., Gorman, G. S., Hart, J. A., Noker, P. E., Tan, Y., Lieder, P. H., Lau, C. S., et al. (2008) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfn057 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Toms, L.-M. L., Thompson, J., Rotander, A., Hobson, P., Calafat, A. M., Kato, K., Ye, X., Broomhall, S. D., Harden, F. A., & Mueller, J. F. (2014) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.019 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Butenhoff, J. L., Chang, S., Olsen, G. W., & Thomford, P. J. (2012) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2012.01.003 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Loccisano, A. E., Campbell, J. L., Andersen, M. E., & M.A., H. J. C. I. (2010) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.12.004 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Butenhoff, J. L., Chang, S., Ehresman, D. J., & York, R. G. (2009) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.01.004 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Bao, W.-W., Qian, Z. M., Geiger, S. D., Liu, E., Liu, Y., Wang, S.-Q., Lawrence, W. R., Yang, B., Hu, L., Zeng, X., et al. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.124 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Karrer, C., Roiss, T., Goetz, N. V., Skledar, D. G., Mašič, L. P., & Hungerbühler, K. (2018) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp2739 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Toxicokinetics of BDE 47 in Female Mice: Effect of Dose, Route of Exposure, and Time
Staskal, D. F. (2004) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi018 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Dermal uptake: An important pathway of human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances?
Ragnarsdóttir, O., Abdallah, M. A., & Harrad, S. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119478 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Modeling Single and Repeated Dose Pharmacokinetics of PFOA in Mice
Lou, I., Wambaugh, J. F., Lau, C. S., Hanson, R. G., Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., ZEHR, R. D. J., Setzer, R. W., & Barton, H. A. (2008) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfn234 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Temporal trends of PFSAs, PFCAs and selected precursors in Australian serum from 2002 to 2013
Eriksson, U., Mueller, J. F., Toms, L.-M. L., Hobson, P., & Kärrman, A. (2016) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.036 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Cao, H.-M., Zhou, Z., Hu, Z.-D., Wei, C., Li, J., Wang, L., Liu, G.-L., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Wang, T., et al. (2022) · Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c07176 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
PBPK modeling for PFOS and PFOA: Validation with human experimental data
Fàbrega, F., Kumar, V., Schuhmacher, M., Domingo, J. L., & Nadal, M. (2014) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.007 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Biomonitoring in California Firefighters
Dobraca, D., Israel, L., McNeel, S. V., Voss, R., Wang, M., Gajek, R., Park, J.-S., Harwani, S., Barley, F., She, J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000307 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Chou, W.-C., & Lin, Z. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.058 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Effect of Bromine Substitution on Human Dermal Absorption of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers
Abdallah, M. A., Pawar, G. V., & Harrad, S. J. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b03904 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Serum Concentrations of Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds in Faroese Whale Meat Consumers
Weihe, P., Kato, K., Calafat, A. M., Nielsen, F., Wanigatunga, A. A., Needham, L. L., & Grandjean, P. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es800695m · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Toms, L.-M. L., Bräunig, J., Vijayasarathy, S., Phillips, S., Hobson, P., Aylward, L. L., Kirk, M., & Mueller, J. F. (2019) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.03.004 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Dallaire, R., Ayotte, P., Pereg, D., Déry, S., Dumas, P., Langlois, É., & Dewailly, É. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es9001604 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Fujii, Y., Niisoe, T., Harada, K. H., Üemoto, S., Ogura, Y., Takenaka, K., & Koizumi, A. (2014) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.14-0136-oa · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Muensterman, D. J., Cahuas, L., Titaley, I. A., Schmokel, C., la Cruz, F. B. D., Barlaz, M. A., Carignan, C. C., Peaslee, G. F., & Field, J. A. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00019 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Yang, X., Doerge, D. R., Teeguarden, J., & Fisher, J. W. (2015) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.016 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationLoccisano, A. E., Campbell, J. L., Butenhoff, J. L., Andersen, M. E., & M.A., H. J. C. I. (2011) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.006 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Assessment of individual-based perfluoroalkly substances exposure by multiple human exposure sources
Kim, D., Lee, J., & Oh, J. (2018) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.066 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Schroeter, J. D., Nong, A., Yoon, M., Taylor, M. D., Dorman, D. C., Andersen, M. E., & M.A., H. J. C. I. (2010) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfq389 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Dzierlenga, A. L., Robinson, V. G., Waidyanatha, S., DeVito, M. J., Eifrid, M. A., Gibbs, S. T., Granville, C. A., & Blystone, C. R. (2019) · Xenobiotica · doi:10.1080/00498254.2019.1683776 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Li, K., Li, C., Yu, N., Juhasz, A. L., Cui, X.-Y., & Ma, L. Q. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es505075z · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Pollock, T., Karthikeyan, S., Walker, M., Werry, K., & St-Amand, A. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106678 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Chen, Q., Yi, S., Ye, Q., Zhu, Y., Zhong, W., & Zhu, L. Y. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c03181 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Toxicokinetic Modeling
Campbell, J. L., Clewell, R. A., Gentry, P. R., Andersen, M. E., & M.A., H. J. C. I. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-050-2_18 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Dermal toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate
Kennedy, G. L. (1985) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0041-008x(85)90172-3 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Smith, J. N., Campbell, J. A., Busby, A. L., Lee, S., Poet, T. S., Barr, D. B., & Timchalk, C. A. (2009) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.04.041 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Worley, R., Yang, X.-X., & Fisher, J. (2017) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2017.07.001 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationChou, W., & Lin, Z. (2021) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp7671 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Hejtmancik, M. R. (2002) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/65.1.126 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
A Bayesian population PBPK model for multiroute chloroform exposure
Yang, Y., Xu, X., & Georgopoulos, P. G. (2009) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/jes.2009.29 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl substances and food allergies in adolescents
Buser, M. C., & Scinicariello, F. (2015) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.020 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hinderliter, P. M., DeLorme, M. P., & Kennedy, G. L. (2006) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2006.01.029 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Chlorpyrifos PBPK/PD model for multiple routes of exposure
Poet, T., Timchalk, C., Hotchkiss, J., & Bartels, M. (2014) · Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems · doi:10.3109/00498254.2014.918295 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Dermal exposure to environmental contaminants in the Great Lakes.
Moody, R. P., & Chu, I. (1995) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s9103 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sarangapani, R. (2003) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/71.1.41 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The influence of absorption enhancers on nasal absorption of acyclovir
Chavanpatil, M. D., & Vavia, P. R. (2004) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.01.001 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Influence of Food on the In Vivo Bioavailability of DDT and Its Metabolites in Soil
Chen, Y., Juhasz, A. L., Li, H., Li, C., Ma, L. Q., & Cui, X. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b06697 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Influence of the uncertainty in the validation of PBPK models: A case-study for PFOS and PFOA
Fàbrega, F., Nadal, M., Schuhmacher, M., Domingo, J. L., & Kumar, V. (2016) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.03.009 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Refined PBPK model of aggregate exposure to methyl tertiary-butyl ether
Kim, D., Andersen, M. E., Pleil, J. D., Nylander‐French, L. A., & Prah, J. D. (2007) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.01.008 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Jia, Y., Wang, X., Yi, S., Li, Y., Zhong, W., & Zhu, L. Y. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c06461 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, D., Andersen, M. E., Chao, Y.-C. E., Egeghy, P. P., Rappaport, S. M., & Nylander‐French, L. A. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.9778 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Li, Y., Yu, X.-Y., Chen, X., Jun, Y., Zhong, W., & Zhu, L. Y. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150003 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationBernstein, A. S., Kapraun, D. F., & Schlosser, P. M. (2021) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfab063 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Hu, D., Wen, W., & Xia, X. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120336 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kwon, M., Park, J. B., Kwon, M., Song, J.-H., Yeo, C. S., & Bae, S. H. (2021) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-021-03041-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kapraun, D. F., Schlosser, P. M., Nylander‐French, L. A., Kim, D., Yost, E. E., & Druwe, I. L. (2020) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfaa117 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cheng, W., & Ng, C. A. (2021) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00193 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kim, D., & Nylander‐French, L. A. (2009) · Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions · doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8336-7_2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model: distribution processes
Ruark, C. D. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818596-4.00006-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chemical absorption and writing code for portals of entry
Fisher, J. W., Gearhart, J. M., Campbell, J. L., & Mehta, D. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818596-4.00005-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mei, J., Jiang, J., Zhao, L., Pan, Y., Xu, K., Gao, X., Yuan, J., Li, L., Wang, Y., Wang, L., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2408575121 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
He, Q., Yang, Q., Wu, L., He, Y., Zeng, N., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137699 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Hou, M., Kong, L., Lin, X., Xu, J., Yan, C. H., Lin, F., & Ke, S. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171742 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Fischer, F. C., Thackray, C. P., Ferguson, N., Chicoine, C., Skende, O., Hu, Z., Zhu, Y., Slitt, A., & Sunderland, E. M. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c05473 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationFan, X., Li, X., Li, T., Shao, B., Niu, S., Fan, W., Wang, Q., Zhong, L., Wang, X., Wang, Z., et al. (2025) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109591 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Collier, G. E., & Lavado, R. (2024) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2024.153901 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Qu, Z., Yang, L., Jia, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, L. Y. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c10349 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationHe, A., Liang, Y., Li, J., Zhou, Z., Li, F., Li, Z., Wang, Y., & Jiang, G. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c14478 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cao, J., Lei, Y., Jiang, X., Kannan, K., & Li, M. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c04782 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Green, M. P., Shearer, C. J., Patrick, R., Kabiri, S., Rivers, N., & Nixon, B. (2024) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd24034 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gautam, R. K., Mottaghipisheh, J., Verma, S., Singh, R. P., Muthukumaran, S., Navaratna, D., & Ahrens, L. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100748 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lv, Z., Chen, X., Yi, S., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Sun, Y., Jia, Y., Chen, Q., Meng, Y., Shan, G., et al. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c11490 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationDunmyer, M., Welchert, J., Olivares, C. I., & Karanikola, V. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141480 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Gardiner, C. L., Petali, J., Chen, C. Y., Giffard, N. G., Fernando, S., Holsen, T. M., Varghese, J. R., Romano, M. E., & Crawford, K. A. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179747 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Beyond traditional toxicology: The transformative power of PBTK modeling
Damre, A. A., & Banerjee, A. (2025) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106111 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yu, H., Wu, L., Xuan, D., Peng, Q., Qu, W., & Zhou, Y. (2024) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-024-05266-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Chen, Q., Yi, S., Sun, Y., Zhu, Y., Ma, K., & Zhu, L. Y. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c03541 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationHenn, B. C., Leonard, E. R., Doherty, B. T., Byrne, S. C., Hartmann, N., Ptolemy, A. S., Ayanian, S., & Crawford, K. A. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.120122 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hayat, M. F., Tahir, A., Batool, M., & Hamdi, H. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2025.2563792 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hernandez-Fajardo, C. A., de Navarro, M. G., Ogunbiyi, O. D., Feliciano, P. L., Solle, N. S., Kobetz, E., Caban-Martinez, A. J., & Quinete, N. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140633 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cao, J., Wang, X., Lei, Y., Jiang, X., Kannan, K., & Li, M. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c08270 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cheng, Z., Zhou, J., Peng, X., Xue, D., Shen, Z., Chen, Q., & Hu, X. (2026) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2026.123911 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gao, B., Gong, Y., Lu, Y., Gou, S., Lai, X., Luo, G., & Yang, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1584281 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Chen, J., Kang, R., Dai, C., Xie, B., Li, K., Sun, R., Zheng, X., Tan, L., Xu, X., et al. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139630 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Bao, H., Zhao, W.-H., Fan, L.-S., Zhou, H., Ruan, T., Zhang, Y.-T., Liu, L., Cai, D., Xie, S., et al. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c18780 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wu, X., Wu, K., Yu, Q., Zhao, W., Zhao, X., Wang, Q., Yang, Q., Li, M., Liu, X., Li, J., et al. (2026) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-026-04395-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Argoul, C. M., Dauwe, Y., Lakhal, L., Toutain, P., Picard‐Hagen, N., Gayrard, V., & Lacroix, M. Z. (2024) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116596 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pollutant distribution in vertebrates across scales: Organs, cells, and organelles
Ren, B., Zhao, Y., Wang, X., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Li, X., & Fan, W. (2025) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126680 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhang, T., Zhang, H., Zhao, T., Song, S., Zhang, J., Yang, L., & Wu, F. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c18046 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Argoul, C. M., Toutain, P., Picard‐Hagen, N., Mselli-Lakhal, L., Dauwe, Y., Roques, B. B., Lacroix, M. Z., & Gayrard, V. (2026) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2026.124802 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhou, Y., Xing, Y., Zhang, X., Zhou, X., Liu, P., Chen, H., Lee, H. K., & Huang, Z. (2025) · Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology · doi:10.1016/j.enceco.2025.12.004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gao, Y.-H., Zhang, Z., Luo, H.-D., Yan, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, K., Wei, Y., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13124032 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Per- und Polyfluoralkylsubstanzen – die „Ewigkeitschemikalien“ und Haut
Esser, C., & Haarmann‐Stemmann, T. (2025) · Die Dermatologie · doi:10.1007/s00105-025-05615-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Paré, A., Ratier, A., Desroziers, E., Mhaouty‐Kodja, S., Chardon, K., & Zeman, F. (2026) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2026.123933 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zeng, R., Mao, G., Chen, Y., Xu, H., Ding, Y., Zhao, T., Yang, L., Wu, X., Wang, D., & Feng, W. (2026) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2026.103459 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lai, G., Sheng, N., & Dai, J. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142490 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, M., Chen, H., Kapidzic, M., Gormley, M., Tuomivaara, S. T., Gutierrez, A. M., Li, L., Chen, J., Abrahamsson, D., Hall, S., et al. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c12107 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Luo, X., Zhu, C., Liu, Y., Cao, Z., Chen, Q., Zeng, Y., Mai, B., & Peng, P. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6c08219 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Haarmann‐Stemmann, T., & Esser, C. (2025) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2025.03.030 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adverse health effects of PFAS
Salim Saker Santos Lima, M., & Zelikoff, J. T. (2025) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2025.103174
Wang, J., Wei, X., Lu, S., Ding, D., Wang, L., Li, L., & Cheng, H. (2025) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118866 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dimri, S., Bisht, B., Vlaskin, M., Kurbatova, A., Jaiswal, K. K., Rajput, V. S., Sharma, R., Chauhan, P. K., & Kumar, V. (2025) · Food and Humanity · doi:10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100982
Lyu, Y., Guo, R., Gui, B., Zhong, W., & Zhu, L. Y. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110308
Self-citationWen, W., Yan, S., Chen, X., Gu, S., Guo, F., Chen, Z., Mao, G., 秦若凌, Wang, X., Lou, X., et al. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-09599-9
Chen, C., Bu, F., Gao, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Gao, J., Yuan, J., Wang, Z., Zhong, Y., Jiang, Q., et al. (2026) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120602
Sigauke, P., Mpeta, M., Muhezwa, C., Mungwari, C. P., & Mbohwa, C. (2026) · The handbook of environmental chemistry · doi:10.1007/698_2026_1279
Hu, Y., Zhou, Z., Wang, L., Cheng, J., Yu, T., Pan, Y., Chen, M., Chen, B., Shi, J., Wang, Y., et al. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6c08726
Hu, Z., Sun, J., Zhu, Y., Thackray, C. P., Sunderland, E. M., & Fischer, F. C. (2026) · Environmental Science Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/d6em00160b
Self-citationEffects of Perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid on Female Reproductive Function and Oocyte Quality
Xu, M., 马启兰, Jin, S., Shen, Z., & Lu, Y. (2026) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2026.113226
- Authors
- Zhu, Y., Pan, X., Jia, Y., Yang, X., Song, X., Ding, J., Zhong, W., Feng, J., & Zhu, L.
- Affiliations
- Nankai University (CN)
- Beijing Sankuai Online Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
- Corresponding author
- Zhu, Lingyan
- Venue
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2023-12
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 127012-127012
- ISSN
- 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-9924
- PMC
- PMC10718298
- OpenAlex
- W4389671196
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 9
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (T2017002, 2019YFC1804203, NSFC 41991313, 41991313, 22111530176)
- Nankai University (T2017002)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (T2017002)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, physiologically based toxicokinetic model, nasal exposure, dermal exposure, oral exposure, bioavailability, PFHxS, PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, tissue distribution, hysteresis, repeated-dose exposure
- MeSH terms
- Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Toxicokinetics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
