Cited by 204Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactFluorine in Organic Chemistry

Perfluoroalkyl Compounds (PFCs) in Indoor Dust: Concentrations, Human Exposure Estimates, and Sources

Björklund, Justina Awasum, Thuresson, Kaj, de Wit, Cynthia A.·2009·Environmental Science & Technology

Abstract

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are globally distributed, persistent, toxic, and are found in human blood and serum. Exposure pathways are not well characterized. To better understand indoor dust ingestion as a potential pathway for human exposure, we determined the concentrations of these compounds in dust collected from 10 houses, 38 apartments, 10 day care centers, 10 offices, and 5 cars. Samples were prepared using a rapid extraction and cleanup method and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. PFOS and PFOA were found in dust samples from all microenvironments and their concentrations were significantly positively correlated to each other. Highest median concentrations were seen in offices (PFOS: 110 ng/g dry weight) and apartments (PFOA: 93 ng/g dw). Adult and toddler dust ingestion exposures were estimated and compared to dietary exposure data from Canada and Spain. Results show that diet is the most important exposure route, but in a worst case scenario, dust ingestion may also be significant.

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Crossref · 10.1021/es803201a

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Authors
Björklund, J. A., Thuresson, K., & de Wit, C. A.
Affiliations
  • Stockholm University (SE)
  • Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Published
2009-03-05
Volume
43
Issue
7
Pages
2276-2281
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
OpenAlex
W2075730767
Cited by
204
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 8
FWCI
13.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Commerce
  • Minnesota Department Of Commerce
  • Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas
  • National Institute of Standards and Technology
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Keywords
perfluorinated compounds, PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, house dust, human exposure pathways, persistent toxic substances, exposure sources, daycare centers, offices
MeSH terms
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Dust, Environmental Exposure, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Air Pollution, Indoor

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