Compound-specific, quantitative characterization of organic fluorochemicals in biological matrices
Abstract
Since the early 1980s, there has been a steady increase in the use of nonvolatile fluorinated organic compounds for a variety of industrial and commercial applications. The industrial use of these relatively stable compounds has initiated debate over the fate of fluorochemicals in the environment and, ultimately, the bioavailability of these compounds. In this manuscript, we present quantitative results from a study of 65 human sera samples purchased from biological supply companies that provide characterization of specific organic fluorochemicals present in the sera of nonindustrially exposed humans. Summed together, the compound-specific characterization data reported here agree closely with levels of nonspeciated organic fluorine that were originally reported to be present in sera in 1970. The compound-specific method for the extraction of extremely low levels of several commercial organic fluorochemicals from sera and liver with quantitative detection by negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry described represents a robust, previously undescribed approach to quantifying specific organic fluorochemicals in biological matrices.
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IPE and alkaline digestion followed by LLE has been widely employed as a pre-treatment method for biological samples in the last decade.
“IPE and alkaline digestion followed by LLE has been widely employed as a pre-treatment method in the last decade [75,76], and eluates are usually subjected to an additional clean-up with an SPE cartridge containing HLB, WAX or ENVI-Carb resin.”
From Worldwide trends in tracing poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
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- Authors
- Hansen, K. J., Clemen, L. A., Ellefson, M. E., & Johnson, H. O.
- Affiliations
- 3M Environmental Laboratory, Building 2-3E-09, P.O. Box 33331, St. Paul, Minnesota 55133-3331
- 3M (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2001-01-12
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 766-770
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2049354575
- Cited by
- 923
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 21.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- organic fluorine compounds, organofluorine compounds, human serum, liver, bioavailability, environmental fate
- MeSH terms
- Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Humans, Industry, Organic Chemicals, Public Health, Fluorine Compounds, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
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