Cited by 244Psychometric Methodologies and TestingHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeHealth Education and Validation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Advances in Patient Reported Outcomes: The NIH PROMIS Measures

Open access

Broderick, Joan, DeWit, Esi Morgan, Rothrock, Nan, Crane, Paul, Forrest, Christopher B.·2013·eGEMs (Generating Evidence & Methods to improve patient outcomes)

DOI 10.13063/2327-9214.1015PMC PMC4371419

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Patient reported outcomes (PROs) are questionnaire measures of patients’ symptoms, functioning, and health-related quality of life. They are designed to provide important clinical information that generally cannot be captured with objective medical testing. Recent legislative developments in the United States support greater efforts to include patients’ reports of health experience to evaluate treatment outcomes, engage in shared decision-making, and prioritize the focus of treatment. PROs have garnered increased attention by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for evaluating drugs and medical devices. Recent calls for comparative effectiveness research favor inclusion of PROs. In 2004, the National Institutes of Health launched a research initiative to improve the clinical research enterprise by developing state-of-the-art PROs. The NIH Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS) and Assessment Center are the products of that initiative. Adult, pediatric, and parent-proxy item banks have been developed using contemporary psychometric methods, yielding rapid, accurate measurement. PROMIS currently provides tools for assessing physical, mental, and social health using short-form and computer adaptive testing methods. The PROMIS tools are being adopted for use in clinical trials and translational research. They are also being introduced in clinical medicine to assess a broad range of disease outcomes. There is potential for use of PROs to improve quality of care and disease outcomes, to provide patient-centered assessment for comparative effectiveness research, and to enable a common metric for tracking outcomes across providers and medical systems.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.13063/2327-9214.1015

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figure 1. PROMIS Adult Domains Available as of 2013CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Figure 2. PROMIS Pediatric (8 to 17 years old) and Parent-Proxy Report (5 to 17 years old) Domains Available as of 2013CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Progress of an NIH Roadmap Cooperative Group During its First Two Years
Cella, D., Yount, S., Rothrock, N., Gershon, R., Cook, K., Reeve, B., Ader, D., Fries, J. F., Bruce, B., & Rose, M. (2007) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000258615.42478.55 · Cited by 3,118
Self-citation
Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims: draft guidance
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, & U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health (2006) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-4-79 · Cited by 2,856
Psychometric Evaluation and Calibration of Health-Related Quality of Life Item Banks
Reeve, B. B., Hays, R. D., Bjørner, J. B., Cook, K. F., Crane, P. K., Teresi, J. A., Thissen, D., Revicki, D. A., Weiss, D. J., Hambleton, R. K., et al. (2007) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000250483.85507.04 · Cited by 1,491
Self-citation
Towards a global definition of patient centred care
Stewart, M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7284.444 · Cited by 1,114
Using quality of life measures in the clinical setting
Higginson, I. J., & Carr, A. J. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7297.1297 · Cited by 982
Why the nation needs a policy push on patient-centered health care
Epstein, R. M., Fiscella, K., Lesser, C. S., & Stange, K. C. (2010) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0888 · Cited by 866
The impact of measuring patient-reported outcomes in clinical practice: a systematic review of the literature
Valderas, J. M., Kotzeva, A., Espallargues, M., Guyatt, G., Ferrans, C. E., Halyard, M. Y., Revicki, D. A., Symonds, T., Parada, A., & Alonso, J. (2008) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-007-9295-0 · Cited by 775
Barriers and facilitators to implementing shared decision-making in clinical practice: a systematic review of health professionals' perceptions
Gravel, K., Légaré, F., & Graham, I. D. (2006) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-1-16 · Cited by 755
Evaluation of Item Candidates: The PROMIS Qualitative Item Review
DeWalt, D. A., Rothrock, N., Yount, S., & Stone, A. A. (2007) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000254567.79743.e2 · Cited by 719
Self-citation
Notices
Ellwood, P. M. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806093182327 · Cited by 698

Show all 54 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 244

A comparison of PROMIS Global Health-Mental and legacy orthopedic outcome measures for evaluating preoperative mental health status
Palsgrove, A. C., Patton, C. M., King, P. J., Gelfand, J., & Turcotte, J. J. (2019) · Journal of Orthopaedics · doi:10.1016/j.jor.2019.11.032 · Cited by 15
Considerations to Support Use of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric Measures in Ambulatory Clinics
COX, E. D., Dobrozsi, S. K., Forrest, C. B., Gerhardt, W. E., Kliems, H., Reeve, B. B., Rothrock, N. E., Lai, J., Svenson, J. M., Thompson, L. A., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.11.053 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Three principles/innate health: The efficacy of psycho-spiritual mental health education for people with chronic fatigue syndrome.
El-Mokadem, J. F. K., DiMarco, K., Kelley, T. M., & Duffield, L. (2020) · Spirituality in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1037/scp0000232 · Cited by 14
CHOIRBM: An R package for exploratory data analysis and interactive visualization of pain patient body map data
Cramer, E. M., Ziadni, M. S., Scherrer, K. H., Mackey, S., & Kao, M. J. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010496 · Cited by 14
Disparities in Patient-reported Outcome Measure Completion Rates and Baseline Function in Newly Presenting Spine Patients
Johnson, A. H., Brennan, J. C., Rana, P. C., Turcotte, J. J., & Patton, C. M. (2024) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000004977 · Cited by 14
Pilot randomized psychosocial trial of a screening intervention in pediatric oncology
Barrera, M. E., Desjardins, L., Prasad, S., Shama, W., Alexander, S. W., Szatmári, P., & Hancock, K. (2021) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5857 · Cited by 14
Harmonizing Implementation and Outcome Data Across HIV Prevention and Care Studies in Resource-Constrained Settings
Donenberg, G. R., Merrill, K. G., Obiezu‐Umeh, C., Nwaozuru, U., Blachman-Demner, D. R., Subramanian, S., Fournier, A. P., & Iwelunmor, J. (2022) · Global Implementation Research and Applications · doi:10.1007/s43477-022-00042-7 · Cited by 13
“Finally, the PatientReported Outcomes Measurement Information System program (Broderick et al., 2013) recommends measures of patient-reported physical and mental health outcomes and social well-being.”
Method
Walking speed and patient‐reported outcomes in young adults with cerebral palsy
MacCarthy, M., Heyn, P. C., Tagawa, A., & Carollo, J. J. (2022) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.15225 · Cited by 13
PROMIS-25 Reliability and Validity Among Children Living with Burn Injury: A Burn Model System National Database Study
Bamer, A. M., McMullen, K. A., Humbert, A. T., Kazis, L. E., Ryan, C. M., Schneider, J. C., Stewart, B. T., Suman-Vejas, O. E., & Amtmann, D. (2023) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1093/jbcr/irad061 · Cited by 13
Suboptimal nonmedical qualities of primary care linked with care avoidance among people who use drugs in a Canadian setting amid an integrated health care reform
Moallef, S., Dale, L. M., Homayra, F., Zonneveld, C., Milloy, M., Nosyk, B., & Hayashi, K. (2022) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108784 · Cited by 12
Attentional function and inhibitory control in different substance use disorders
Bjork, J. M., Keyser‐Marcus, L., Vassileva, J., Ramey, T., Houghton, D. C., & Moeller, F. G. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114591 · Cited by 16
Outcomes and outcome measures
Castaman, G., Jiménez‐Yuste, V., Gouw, S., & d’Oiron, R. (2024) · Haemophilia · doi:10.1111/hae.14990 · Cited by 12
“31 PROMIShasseveraladvantagescomparedtomoretraditionalPROMs that are based on Classical Test Theory.”
Method
Incorporating patient-reported outcome measures into the electronic health record for research: application using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
Griffith, S. D., Thompson, N. R., Rathore, J., Jehi, L. E., Tesar, G. E., & Katzan, I. L. (2014) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0764-y · Cited by 15
An evaluation of PROMIS health domains in adults with haemophilia: A cross‐sectional study
Barry, V., Buckner, T. W., Lynch, M. E., Figueroa, J., Mattis, S., Stout, M. E., & Kempton, C. L. (2021) · Haemophilia · doi:10.1111/hae.14321 · Cited by 12
Clinical Utility of CAT Administered PROMIS Measures to Track Change for Pediatric Chronic Pain
Bhandari, R. P., Harrison, L. E., Richardson, P. A., Arce, A. B. G., You, D. S., Rajagopalan, A. V., Birnie, K. A., & Sil, S. (2021) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.06.009 · Cited by 12
Invisible bleeds: Lived experiences and barriers to care for men with hemophilia
Arya, S., Siad, F. M., Wilton, P., Page, D., Boma‐Fischer, L., Floros, G., Winikoff, R., Teitel, J. M., & Sholzberg, M. (2021) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.15570 · Cited by 11
Impact of psychosocial factors on the success of neuromodulation treatment for patients with persistent pain
Goree, J. H., Payakachat, N., Byers, L. A., Smith, G. L., Shah, J., & Stephens, K. (2024) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1136/rapm-2023-104962 · Cited by 11
Incidence of Epilepsy in Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Secondary Health Outcomes: A Review and Proposed Feasibility Study
Carollo, T. O. J. (2014) · Journal of Neurological Disorders · doi:10.4172/2329-6895.1000188 · Cited by 11
“• NIH Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS) and Health-Related Quality of Life [43].”
Method
PROMIS Correlates With Legacy Outcome Measures in Patients With Neck Pain and Improves Upon NDI When Assessing Disability in Cervical Deformity
Johnson, B. C., Stekas, N., Ayres, E. W., Moses, M. J., Jevotovsky, D. S., Fischer, C. R., Buckland, A. J., Errico, T. J., & Protopsaltis, T. S. (2019) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000002994 · Cited by 11
“atient-reported outcome measurement information P system (PROMIS) computer adaptive testing (CAT) was developed as a state-of-the-art measure of patient outcomes that algorithmically administers fewer, more precise questions compared with previously developed patient-reported outcome measures (PROM).(1,2) The psychome…”
Method
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms are frequent among inflammatory bowel disease patients of South Asian descent—A case-control study
Aswani-Omprakash, T., Balasubramaniam, M., McGarva, J., Pandit, A., Mutlu, E., Hanauer, S. B., & Taft, T. (2023) · Indian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s12664-023-01424-x · Cited by 11
“The HBI/SCCAI scores and the United States National Institutes of Health’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (NIH-PROMIS) HRQoL t -scores were calculated using published guidelines [22–24].”
Ecological validity and clinical utility of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) instruments for detecting premenstrual symptoms of depression, anger, and fatigue
Junghaenel, D. U., Schneider, S., Stone, A. A., Christodoulou, C., & Broderick, J. E. (2014) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.01.010 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Protocol for mapping psychosocial screening to resources in pediatric oncology: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Desjardins, L., Hancock, K., Szatmári, P., Alexander, S. W., Shama, W., Souza, C. M. D., Mills, D., Abla, O., & Barrera, M. E. (2021) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-021-00878-0 · Cited by 11
Spinal Cord Resting State Activity in Individuals With Fibromyalgia Who Take Opioids
Martucci, K. T., Weber, K. A., II, & Mackey, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.694271 · Cited by 11
Priority Rankings of Patient-Reported Outcomes for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Comparison of Patient and Physician Perspectives
Guan, M., Gresham, G. K., Shinde, A. M., Lapite, I. O., Gong, J., Placencio-Hickok, V., Forrest, C. B., & Hendifar, A. E. (2020) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2020.7548 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Multimodal hypersensitivity derived from quantitative sensory testing predicts pelvic pain outcome: an observational cohort study
Kmiecik, M. J., Tu, F. F., Clauw, D. J., & Hellman, K. M. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002909 · Cited by 13
Genetic and Mechanistic Insights Inform Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Treatment and Symptomatic Management: Current and Emerging Therapeutics and Clinical Trial Design Considerations
Quigley, S., Quigg, K. H., & Goutman, S. A. (2025) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-025-01217-0 · Cited by 10
“…Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS-10), which measures a combination of physical, mental, and social determinants of health [55], as well as the Neuro-QoL-fatigue, an 8–9 question survey about fatigue [56], correlate with ALSFRS-R scores [57] and are being incorporated more…”
Peer navigation for individuals with serious mental illness leaving jail: a pilot randomized trial study protocol
Hailemariam, M., Weinstock, L., & Johnson, J. E. (2020) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-020-00659-1 · Cited by 8
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Critically Ill Children
Rodenbough, A., Opolka, C., Wang, T., Gillespie, S. E., Ververis, M., Fitzpatrick, A. M., & Grunwell, J. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.923118 · Cited by 10
Experiences of violence during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in a Canadian setting: a gender-based cross-sectional study
Swaich, A., Richardson, L., Cui, Z., DeBeck, K., Milloy, M., Kerr, T. H., & Hayashi, K. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15929-9 · Cited by 10
Patient Reported Outcomes Measurements Information System in Stroke Patients in Full and Shortened Format
Lens, C., Demeestere, J., Vanhaecht, K., & Lemmens, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.630850 · Cited by 10
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Validation in Hip Arthroscopy: A Shift Towards Reducing Survey Burden
Gerlach, E. B., Selley, R. S., Johnson, D., Nicolay, R. W., Versteeg, G. H., Plantz, M. A., Tjong, V. K., & Terry, M. A. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.13265 · Cited by 10
Walking energetics and fatigue are associated with physical activity in people with knee osteoarthritis
Foucher, K. C., Aydemir, B., & Huang, C. (2021) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105427 · Cited by 12
How do the expectations of patients compare with their surgeons regarding outcomes of periacetabular osteotomy?
Boye, G. N., Wylie, J. D., Miller, P. E., Kim, Y., & Millis, M. B. (2018) · Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery · doi:10.1093/jhps/hny041 · Cited by 10
Edible cannabis for chronic low back pain: associations with pain, mood, and intoxication
Melendez, S. N., Torres, M. O., LISANO, J., Giordano, G., Skrzynski, C. J., Hutchison, K. E., Bryan, A. D., & Bidwell, L. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1464005 · Cited by 9
“Participants were deemed eligible if they reported ≥ 3 months of low back pain, with pain intensity greater than four and pain interference with activities greater than three measured on 1 – 5-point scales (Broderick et al., 2013).”
Patient registries in orthopedics and orthobiologic procedures: a narrative review
Magaway, C., & Malanga, G. A. (2022) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05416-4 · Cited by 9
Convergent Validity of the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System-Pediatric Physical Activity Instrument (PROMIS®-PA) with Wearable Devices in Adolescents
Algheryafi, R. A., Bevans, K. B., Hiremath, S. V., Lai, J., & Tucker, C. A. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10060940 · Cited by 9
“The Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)®, supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), developed psychometrically robust self-reported outcome measures across multiple health domains for use as clinical trial endpoints [11,12].”
Method
Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy With Concomitant Periacetabular Osteotomy Demonstrate Clinically Meaningful Improvement at 2 Years Using the Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurement Information System and International Hip Outcome Tool 12
Wilson, H., Harris, J. D., Martin, R. L., Ellis, T. J., & Kollmorgen, R. C. (2024) · Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2024.08.044 · Cited by 9
PROMIS® tools as endpoints in clinical trials: what should you know? A review of PROMIS® capabilities and the current regulatory space
Shalhoub, H., & Reaney, M. D. (2016) · International Journal of Clinical Trials · doi:10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20163953 · Cited by 9
Ability of Patient-Reported Outcomes to Characterize Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) After Attending a Primary Care Physical Therapist and Medical Doctor Collaborative Service: A Cross-Sectional Study
Houck, J. R., Kang, D., Cuddeford, T. J., & Rahkola, S. (2018) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2018.07.443 · Cited by 9
Stress and eating responses in adolescent females predisposed to obesity: A pilot and feasibility study
Kidwell, K. M., Reiter‐Purtill, J., Decker, K. M., Howarth, T., Doland, F., & Zeller, M. H. (2022) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2022.106308 · Cited by 9
Amplification of Positivity Therapy for Co-occurring Alcohol Use Disorder with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: Pilot Feasibility Study and Case Series
Akeman, E., White, E. J., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Santiago, J., McDermott, T. J., DeVille, D. C., Stewart, J. L., Paulus, M. P., Taylor, C. T., & Aupperle, R. L. (2021) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211030506 · Cited by 9
“, 2004) Patient Reported Outcome Information System (PROMIS; [Broderick et al., 2013; Cella et al., 2010]) measure related to Alcohol Use.”
MethodInfluential
Employment, Work Productivity, and Biologic Treatments in Self-Reported Axial Spondyloarthritis: a Cross-Sectional Study in a Female Predominant Population from the ArthritisPower Registry
Gavigan, K., Nowell, W. B., Hunter, T. M., Curtis, J. R., Malatestinic, W. N., Bolce, R. J., LISSE, J. R., & Walsh, J. A. (2022) · Rheumatology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40744-022-00428-x · Cited by 8
“Participants reported their disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI] [30]; 0–10 scale, with a C 4 indicating suboptimal disease control), patient-reported outcomes using the computer adapted testing versions of the NIH PROMIS measures [31] for pain interference, physical function,…”
Method
Social and environmental determinants of health among children with long-term movement impairment
Hollin, I. L., Bonilla-Herrera, B., Bagley, A. M., & Tucker, C. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2022.831070 · Cited by 10
Easing the burden of dementia caregiving: Protocol development for a telephone-delivered mindfulness intervention for rural, African American families
Gaylord, S. A., Faurot, K. R., Shafer, J. S., Harr, E. D., Lathren, C., Roth, I., Giscombé, K., Sheffield-Abdullah, K. M., & Williams, S. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2022.101031 · Cited by 8
Comparison of the PROMIS and iHOT-12 in Determining Satisfaction Levels After Hip Arthroscopy for FAIS
Martin, R. L., Harris, J. D., Ellis, T. J., & Kollmorgen, R. C. (2023) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/23259671231168887 · Cited by 8
“The PROMIS has gained popularity in an effort to streamline data collection, encourage uniform outcome reporting, allow for easier comparison across centers, and allow for a comparison with standardized normative population values.(5,13,29) Although the PROMIS-PF and PROMIS-PI subscale scores were found to correlate w…”
MethodResult
Investigating Sleep Disturbance and Its Correlates Among Formerly Homeless Adults in Permanent Supportive Housing
Henwood, B. F., Rhoades, H., Dzubur, E., Madden, D. R., Redline, B., & Brown, R. T. (2021) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000001446 · Cited by 8
Use of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric Measures as Clinical Trial Endpoints: Experience from a Multicenter Pragmatic Trial in Children with Crohn’s Disease
Miller, T. L., Schuchard, J., Carle, A. C., Forrest, C. B., Kappelman, M. D., Adler, J., Ammoury, R., Bass, D. M., Bass, J., Benkov, K. J., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.10.053 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Exploring the clinical utility of a brief screening measure of unmet supportive care needs in people with high-grade glioma
Campbell, R., Faris, M. M., Shaw, J., Halkett, G. K. B., Legge, D. M., Koh, E., Nowak, A. K., Agar, M. R., Ownsworth, T., Pike, K. E., et al. (2023) · Neuro-Oncology Practice · doi:10.1093/nop/npad035 · Cited by 8
Grooming a CAT: customizing CAT administration rules to increase response efficiency in specific research and clinical settings
Kallen, M. A., Cook, K. F., Amtmann, D., Dworak, E. M., & Gershon, R. C. (2018) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-018-1870-z · Cited by 8
Pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modeling of analgesics and sedatives in children
Bardol, M., Pan, S., Walker, S. M., Standing, J. F., & Dawes, J. M. (2023) · Pediatric Anesthesia · doi:10.1111/pan.14712 · Cited by 7
Quality of life outcomes in patients presenting for evaluation of CNS tumors
Chaitoff, A. M., Sarmey, N., Thompson, N. R., Fan, Y., Ahluwalia, M. S., & Katzan, I. L. (2019) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000000571 · Cited by 7
Gastrointestinal health: An investigation of mediating effects on mood and quality of life
Ross, E. J., Vivier, H., Cassisi, J. E., & Dvorak, R. D. (2020) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102920974524 · Cited by 8
“As recommended by the authors, the present study used the recommended T-scores for analyses (Broderick et al., 2013; Spiegel et al., 2014).”
Result
Characteristics of Future Models of Integrated Outpatient Care
Leviton, A., Oppenheimer, J. E., Chiujdea, M., Antonetty, A., Ojo, O. W., Garcia, S. M., Weas, S., Fleegler, E. W., Chan, E., & Loddenkemper, T. (2019) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare7020065 · Cited by 9
“PROs have the potential “to improve quality of care and disease outcomes, provide patient-centered assessment for comparative effectiveness research, and enable a common metric for tracking outcomes across providers and medical systems” [104].”
Background
Stakeholder Development of an Online Program to Track Arthritis‐Related Patient‐Reported Outcomes Longitudinally: Live Yes! INSIGHTS
Schifferdecker, K. E., Butcher, R. L., Knight, E., Creek, E. L., Schrandt, M. S., Marrow, L. C., Jaffe, M., Vinci, A., & Eakin, G. S. (2020) · ACR Open Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/acr2.11203 · Cited by 7
“Calls for the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), defined as “report of the status of a patient’s health condition that comes directly from the patient, without interpretation of the patient’s response by a clinician or anyone else,” (1) continue to grow (2).”
Background
Hip abductor strength and fatigue are associated with activity levels more than 1 year after total hip replacement
Foucher, K. C., Cinnamon, C. C., Ryan, C. A., Chmell, S., & Dapiton, K. (2017) · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · doi:10.1002/jor.23783 · Cited by 7
“Fatigue Assessment Self-reported fatigue was measured using the PatientReported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Fatigue Short Form 7a.(37,38) This survey instrument is one of a family of Patient Reported Outcome measures developed by the National Institutes of Health (See http://www.”
Method
Topic: Evaluation and Treatment of Social Isolation and Loneliness: Evidence-based Recommendations for Stroke and Neurological Rehabilitation
He, J., LaVela, S. L., Bombardier, C. H., Fong, M. W. M., Lee, S. I., Metts, C. L., Shi, Y., Tsang, H. W. H., & Wong, A. (2025) · Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports · doi:10.1007/s40141-025-00477-7 · Cited by 6
Rate of continued conservative management versus progression to surgery at minimum 1‐year follow‐up in patients with pre‐arthritic hip pain
Cheng, A. L., Collis, R. W., McCullough, A. B., Bui, M., Brady, B. K., Schuelke, M. J., Clohisy, J. C. F., Colditz, G. A., & Prather, H. (2021) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.12746 · Cited by 6
“PROMISmeasures are normalizedwith amean score of 50 and SD of 10.(32) Higher scores represent “more” of the domain being assessed, which can be favorable (eg, Physical Function) or not favorable (eg, Pain Interference).”
Background
A Comprehensive Digital Self-care Support System for Older Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions: Development, Feasibility, and Usability Testing of myHESTIA
Nambisan, P., Stange, K. C., Lyytinen, K., Kahana, E. F., Duthie, E. H., & Potnek, M. F. (2022) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648221129859 · Cited by 6
“For example, the BP tracker requires the user to input the BP reading, whereas the Constipation tracker captures the intensity, frequency, stress, pain and interference in daily life associated with constipation, very similar to validated PROMIS scales (Broderick et al., 2013).”
Method
Harmonizing patient‐reported outcome measurements in inherited bleeding disorders with PROMIS
van Hoorn, E. S., Teela, L., Kuijlaars, I. A. R., Fischer, K., Gouw, S. C., Cnossen, M. H., & Haverman, L. (2022) · Haemophilia · doi:10.1111/hae.14694 · Cited by 6
Is There an Association Between Lateralization of Chronic Pain in the Body and Depression?
Edwards, K. A., Lii, T. R., Schouten, T., Kearney, K. M., Ziadni, M. S., Darnall, B. D., Mackey, S., & Gilam, G. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.02.004 · Cited by 6
The Patient Reported Outcomes as a Clinical Tool (PROACT) Pilot Study: What Can be Gained by Sharing Computerized Patient-Reported Mental Health and Substance Use Symptoms with Providers in HIV Care?
Jabour, S. M., Chander, G., Riekert, K. A., Keruly, J. C., Herne, K., Hutton, H. E., Beach, M. C., Lau, B. M., Moore, R. D., & Monroe, A. K. (2021) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-021-03175-2 · Cited by 6
Towards an ICF-based self-report questionnaire for people with skeletal dysplasia to study health, functioning, disability and accessibility
Anttila, H., Tallqvist, S., Muñoz, M., Leppäjoki-Tiistola, S., Mäkitie, O., & Hiekkala, S. (2021) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-021-01857-7 · Cited by 7
“The PROMIS tools are being adopted to assess a broad range of disease outcomes worldwide, as they enable a common metric for tracking outcomes across providers and medical systems [2].”
Method
Psychometric validation of the Korean Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-29 Profile V2.1 among patients with chronic pulmonary diseases
Kang, D., Lim, J., Kim, B., Nam, H., Kim, Y., Kang, E., Kim, S.-Y., Shim, S., Lee, M., Yoon, J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd-21-591 · Cited by 6
“In addition, researchers and clinicians would not use the PROMIS-29 because it is not a disease-specific measure and they do not know how to interpret it due to lack of data (56).”
Workload-capacity imbalances and their impact on self-management complexity in patients with multimorbidity: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Zhao, B., Fu, Y., Wu, J., Xue, E., Lai, C., Chen, D., Wu, Q., Yu, J., Wu, Q., Ye, Z., et al. (2025) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2451195 · Cited by 6
Association of Patient-Reported Anxiety and Pain After Alveolar Bone Grafting
Mirzaie, S., Oberoi, M. K., Huang, K. X., Caprini, R. M., Malapati, S. H., Dejam, D., Bedar, M., Cronin, B. J., Khetpal, S., & Lee, J. C. (2023) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/10556656231169483 · Cited by 5
Conversion of PROMIS global health to EQ-5D health state values in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery: A psychometric evaluation
Turcotte, J. J., Callanan, M., Buckley, B., Zaidi, S. N., & Patton, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Orthopaedics · doi:10.1016/j.jor.2020.12.027 · Cited by 5
Social Information Processing in Substance Use Disorders: Insights From an Emotional Go-Nogo Task
Bjork, J. M., Keyser‐Marcus, L., Vassileva, J., Ramey, T., Houghton, D. C., & Moeller, F. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.672488 · Cited by 6
“Past-week affective symptomatology was probed using the PROMIS Depression 4a and Anxiety 4a scales (50) as self-report measures.”
Method
Psychometrics of the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system measures in hemophilia: the applicability of the pediatric item banks
Teela, L., Luijten, M. A. J., Kuijlaars, I. A. R., van Gastel, T. C. M., van Hoorn, E. S., Gouw, S. C., Fijnvandraat, K., Fischer, K., Cnossen, M. H., Andeweg, S., et al. (2023) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102159 · Cited by 6
“An important advantage of the use of IRT is the option of Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) [28,29].”
BackgroundMethod
A Modular Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument for Electronic Assessment and Treatment Monitoring: Web-Based Development and Psychometric Validation of Core Thrive Items
Wicks, P. J., McCaffrey, S. A., Goodwin, K., Black, R. A., Hoole, M., & Heywood, J. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/12075 · Cited by 5
The Effects of Sociodemographic Factors on Baseline Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients with Foot and Ankle Conditions
Boakye, L. A. T., Parker, E. B., Chiodo, C. P., Bluman, E. M., Martin, E. A., & Smith, J. T. (2023) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.22.01149 · Cited by 5
Rate of Surgery and Baseline Characteristics Associated With Surgery Progression in Young Athletes With Prearthritic Hip Disorders
Collis, R. W., McCullough, A. B., Ng, C., Prather, H., Colditz, G. A., Clohisy, J. C. F., & Cheng, A. L. (2020) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/2325967120969863 · Cited by 5
Associations between physical activity, long COVID symptom intensity, and perceived health among individuals with long COVID
Sirotiak, Z., Lee, D.-C., & Brellenthin, A. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1498900 · Cited by 4
“…of life and functional abilities, rather than just their physiological status or symptoms, the recent consideration of perceived health in medical research has been heralded as a meaningful and impactful change to health-related measurement in a variety of populations (Broderick et al., 2013).”
LOTUS: Protocol for a double-blind placebo controlled randomized trial of hemp-derived cannabidiol for the treatment of cannabis use disorder
Bidwell, L. C., Martin‐Willett, R., Melendez, S. N., Rosa, L., Giordano, G., Hutchison, K. E., & Bryan, A. D. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0308262 · Cited by 4
Digitalising patient reported outcome collection tools in orthopaedic trauma–A scoping review
Saleem, J., Beak, P., Eardley, W., & Trompeter, A. J. (2023) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2023.05.023 · Cited by 4
Psychometrics of patient-reported outcomes measurement information system in von Willebrand disease, inherited platelet function disorders, and rare bleeding disorders
van Hoorn, E. S., Willems, S. P. E., Arashi, W. A., de Moor, A. S., van Kwawegen, C. B., Teela, L., Voshaar, M. A. H. O., Hovinga, I. C. L. K., Schutgens, R. E. G., Schols, S. E. M., et al. (2024) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102474 · Cited by 4
“PROMIS item banks are based on item response theory (IRT), which enables the application of computer adaptive tests (CATs) [25].”
Method
Association between work productivity and characteristics of adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia: an analysis of the XLH disease monitoring program
Khan, A. A., Johnson, B., Nixon, A., Dent, J. E., Li, Z., Yang, E., & Williams, A. (2024) · JBMR Plus · doi:10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae102 · Cited by 4
“21 However, reference data for other countries were not identified.”
BackgroundMethod
Acceptability to making a self-assessment using a tablet computer and health-related quality of life in ambulatory breast cancer patients
Kanakubo, A., Mizuno, M., Asano, Y., & Inoue, Y. (2021) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apjon.2021.12.011 · Cited by 4
“9,10 13 The ﬁ ndings of these studies prompted us to consider the association between PROs and breast cancer patients' acceptability to using a tablet computer-based questionnaire.”
Background
The Acceptability of an Electronically Delivered Acceptance- and Mindfulness-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Survivors of Breast Cancer: One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Robertson, M. C., Cox-Martin, E., Shegog, R., Markham, C. M., Fujimoto, K., Durand, C. P., Brewster, A. M., Lyons, E., Liao, Y., Flores, S. A., et al. (2022) · JMIR Cancer · doi:10.2196/31815 · Cited by 4
“The PROMIS initiative is a National Institutes of Health initiative that aims to create psychometrically sound self-report measures designed to assess well-being in various domains of human health [46].”
Background
Selecting patient-reported outcome measures of health-related quality of life in adult rheumatology: quality and breadth of coverage
Knight, E., Schifferdecker, K. E., Eakin, G. S., & Reeve, B. B. (2022) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-022-05200-6 · Cited by 4
The Meso-Expression Test (MET): A Novel Assessment of Emotion Perception
LaPalme, M. L., Barsade, S. G., Brackett, M. A., & Floman, J. L. (2023) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence11070145 · Cited by 4
Somatic and psychological predictors of chronic postsurgical pain in cancer patients: a machine learning approach in a longitudinal two-centre study
Sperandio, G., Baudic, S., Bennedsgaard, K., Grosen, K., Andersen, I. S., Finnerup, N. B., Albi-Feldzer, A., Flor, H., Nees, F., Bouhassira, D., et al. (2026) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2025.12.002 · Cited by 4
Changes in actigraphy metrics associated with PROMIS measures after orthopaedic surgery
Giordano, N. A., Kane, A., Rodriguez, R., Papay, D., Canales, B. I.-I., Kirk, K. F., Buckenmaier, C. C., & Highland, K. B. (2022) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.13089 · Cited by 3
Patient and Public Involvement in Pharmacovigilance
van Hunsel, F. P. A. M., Younus, M. M., & Cox, A. R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51089-2_12 · Cited by 3
Positive affect longitudinally buffers the negative effect of health anxiety on gastrointestinal symptoms
Ross, E. J., Shanahan, M. L., Guadagnoli, L. A., Jimenez, D. E., & Cassisi, J. E. (2024) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12601 · Cited by 4
Improving the Quality of Evidence on Upper-Limb Prostheses Through the Standardization of Outcome Measurement
Resnik, L. J. (2017) · JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics · doi:10.1097/jpo.0000000000000160 · Cited by 3
Messung gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Ravens‐Sieberer, U., Voß, C., Reiß, F., Wüstner, A., & Otto, C. (2019) · Public Health Forum · doi:10.1515/pubhef-2019-0034 · Cited by 4
A functional approach to the chronic disease epidemic
Hartzler, M. L., Castle, L., Lewis, C., & Zakaria, L. (2020) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxaa032 · Cited by 3
Effectiveness of an online support program to help female cancer patients manage their health and illness: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Mizuno, M., Chiba, I., Mukohara, T., Kondo, M., Maruo, K., Ohigashi, T., Naruo, M., Asano, Y., Onishi, T., Tanabe, H., et al. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2022.101035 · Cited by 3
“symptoms, assessments of functioning, well-being, health perceptions, and satisfaction with care” [6].”
Background
Comparison of Psychometric Properties of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System With Traditional Outcome Metrics in Spine Surgery
Arciero, E. J., Desai, S. S., Coury, J. R., Gupta, P., Trofa, D. P., Sardar, Z. M., & Lombardi, J. M. (2023) · JBJS Reviews · doi:10.2106/jbjs.rvw.22.00193 · Cited by 3
The Impact of Total Hip Arthroplasty Surgical Approach on Short-Term Postoperative and Patient-Reported Outcomes
Stock, L. A., Johnson, A. H., Brennan, J. C., MacDonald, J. H., Turcotte, J. J., & King, P. J. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.45456 · Cited by 3
Virtual Reality Meditation for Fatigue in Persons With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mixed Methods Pilot Study
Dreesmann, N. J., Buchanan, D. T., Tang, H.-Y. J., Furness, T. A., & Thompson, H. J. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/46209 · Cited by 5
“PROMIS scores range from 0 to 100 and use a T-score metric in which the mean of a relevant reference population is 50 (SD 10) [15].”
Background
Brain encoding during perceived control as a prospective predictor of improvement in quality of life
Dan, R., Brown, A. R., Hutson, L. M., Belleau, E. L., Esfand, S. M., Ruberto, V. L., Johns, E., Null, K. E., Du, F., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2024) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsae075 · Cited by 3
“In mental health, such measures provide important clinical information that is mostly not captured by disease-specific scales (Broderick et al. 2013, Lavallee et al. 2016).”
Background
Psychometric evaluation of the pediatric applied cognition scale in pediatric hematology/oncology
Oswald, K., Fosco, W. D., Sarver, D. E., & Karlson, C. (2020) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2020.1752368 · Cited by 3
Pre- and Post-Operative Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Scores in Patients Treated for Benign Versus Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors
Dalton, J., Furdock, R. J., Cluts, L. M., Jilakara, B., McDonald, D. J., Calfee, R. P., & Cipriano, C. A. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.25534 · Cited by 3
“There is currently a widespread initiative for the adoption and inclusion of PROMIS domains in Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- and industryfunded clinical oncology outcomes research [3,4].”
Background
Boundedly Rational Patients? Health and Patient Mistakes in a Behavioral FrameworkPreprint
Schmidt, A. C. S., Bhatt, A., & Sunstein, C. R. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2953250 · Cited by 3
XLH Matters: an evolving programme to discuss new advances and share clinical experiences to improve patient outcomes
Seefried, L., Aliberti, F., Heier, C. A., Arango-Sancho, P., Duplan, M. B., Sakka, S. D., Emma, F., Gardiner, O., Javaid, M. K., Santos, R., et al. (2025) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-024-03387-4 · Cited by 3
“Children, (8–17 years old), parent‑proxy (5–17 years old) and adults [30].”
Patient-reported outcomes of ayurveda consultation in relation to clinical practice data
Edwards, M. T. (2023) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2023.02.006 · Cited by 2
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System as a Clinical Tool for Capturing the Patient Perspective in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review
Azevedo, S., & Lopes, A. I. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11121492 · Cited by 2
“As PROs can be monitored without in-office evaluations, they can potentially determine the interval between medical visits [20,21,23–26].”
Identity Pathology and Emptiness as Novel Predictors of Suicidal Ideation
Meddaoui, B., Stewart, J. G., & Kaufman, E. A. (2025) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.13164 · Cited by 2
“The PROMIS subscales have strong construct and predictive validity and good internal consistency in clinical and nonclinical samples (Salsman et al. 2020; Broderick et al. 2013; Quach et al. 2016).”
Long COVID: lung pathophysiology and its relationship with cognitive dysfunction
Staab, K. R., McIntosh, M. J., Puliyakote, A. S. K., Hahn, A. D., AlArab, N., Percy, J. L., Lanning, T., Theeler, J., Linkenmeyer, C., Wharff, C. J., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-26568-y · Cited by 2
“PROMIS symptom questionnaires were administered under supervision of study personnel to assess both physical and mental health 16 .”

Authors: Broderick, J., DeWit, E. M., Rothrock, N., Crane, P., & Forrest, C. B.
Affiliations: Stony Brook University (US)
Northwestern University (US)
University of Washington (US)
University of Pennsylvania (US)
ORCID: Broderick, Joan
Rothrock, Nan
Crane, Paul
Forrest, Christopher B.
Venue: eGEMs (Generating Evidence & Methods to improve patient outcomes)
Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Published: 2013-02-08
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Pages: 12
ISSN: 2327-9214 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.13063/2327-9214.1015
PMC: PMC4371419
OpenAlex: W1908118904
Cited by: 244
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10
FWCI: 11.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
Locations: eGEMs (Generating Evidence & Methods to improve patient outcomes) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (U01AR057956)
Northwestern University (U54AR057951, U54AR057943, U01AR052177)
University of Washington (U01AR052171, U01AR057954)
University of Pittsburgh (U01AR052155)
Georgetown University (U01AR057971)
Australian Government
National Institutes of Health (5u01ar057940-04, U01AR057940)
University of California, Los Angeles (U01AR057936)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (U01AR052181)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (U01AR052171, U01AR057956, U01AR057967, U01AR052186, U01-AR-057940, U01AR057936, U54AR057943, U01AR057929, U01AR052170, U01AR052158, U01AR052155, U01AR052177, U01AR052181, U01AR057971, U01AR057954, U01AR057948, U54AR057926, U54AR057951)
Common Fund
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Keywords: patient-reported outcomes, PROMIS, item bank, computerized adaptive testing, health-related quality of life, physical function, mental health, social health, shared decision-making, comparative effectiveness research, patient-centered outcomes, outcome measurement

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Advances in Patient Reported Outcomes: The NIH PROMIS Measures

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks