Temperature Extremes, Health, and Human Capital
Abstract
The extreme temperatures expected under climate change may be especially harmful to children. Children are more vulnerable to heat partly because of their physiological features, but, perhaps more important, because they behave and respond differently than adults do. Children are less likely to manage their own heat risk and may have fewer ways to avoid heat; for example, because they don’t plan their own schedules, they typically can’t avoid activity during hot portions of the day. And very young children may not be able to tell adults that they’re feeling heat’s effects.
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Health impacts of summer heat exposure are likely nonlinear, i.e., incremental increases in environmental heat load may lead to disproportionately higher risk.
“Recognizing that health impacts of summer heat exposure are likely to be nonlinear48–51, i.e., incremental increases in environmental heat load may lead to disproportionately higher risk47”
From Disproportionate exposure to urban heat island intensity across major US cities (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
Above a moderate threshold, damage is an increasing convex function of temperature.
“Evidence suggests that above a moderate threshold damage is an increasing convex function of temperature, i.e., a 1° temperature increase causes more damage at higher temperatures48–51.”
From Disproportionate exposure to urban heat island intensity across major US cities (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
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Assessing climate impacts on English economic growth (1645–1740): an econometric approach
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Is PET an Adequate Index to Determine Human Thermal Comfort in Mexico City?
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Development of Inherent Vulnerability Index within Jammu Municipal Limits, India
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Policy responses to extreme heat and its impact on education: The Philippine experience
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Rapid Warming in the Australian Alps from Observation and NARCliM Simulations
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Temperature shocks and multidimensional energy poverty: Evidence from Malawi
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Home is where the health is: what indoor environment quality delivers a “healthy” home?
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Impacts of climate change during pregnancy, perinatal period and infancy: a systematic review
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Determining public perceptions of a proposed national heat protection policy for Australian schools
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Prioritizing heat adaptation measures across Indian cities: a benefit-cost analysis
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Health undermined in extreme temperatures:Empirical evidence from China
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Li, Z., & Hu, B. (2025) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-025-03550-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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The practices of heat adaptation among elderly in Dezful: A qualitative study
Aghababaeian, H., Ostadtaghizadeh, A., Kiarsi, M., Sarfaraz, H., Ahvazi, L. A., & Maniey, M. (2024) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_134_23 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Where we live, learn and play: Environmental racism and early childhood development in review
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Climate Shocks and the Poor: A Review of the Literature
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Temperature and the Timing of WorkPreprint
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Effects of temperature exposures on early childhood cognitive development and home environment
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When the city gets too hot: Decline in green space visits under extreme summer temperatures
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Developing kindergarten children's awareness of climate change (Exploratory Analytical Study)
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Temperature rising is threatening adolescent mental health in China
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Extreme Heat Adaptation in UK Schools: Education Policy and Practice
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The impact of early-life exposure to high temperatures on child development: evidence from China
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Surviving a natural disaster as a semiotic reformation of the self and worldview
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Working Under the Sun: The Role of Occupation in Temperature-Related Mortality in MexicoPreprint
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Self-citationHow Do Summer Temperatures Affect Domestic Migrants' Settlement Intention? Evidence From China
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CLIMATE SHOCKS AND CHILD LABOR: EVIDENCE FROM PALESTINE
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Extreme heat risk perceptions and readiness in schools
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Temperature, Time with Colleagues, and Work OrganizationPreprint
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Environmental Health Concept Revealed in Paintings of Great Artists
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Cold and Mortality in a Cross-Sectional and Lifecycle Perspective: Evidence from Competing Models
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Assessing climate impacts on English economic growth (1645–1740): an econometric approach
Martínez-González, J. L. (2020) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21512
Psychology and Black History Month in the United States
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Students' Understanding of Climate Change in Prone Areas Exposed to the Impact of Climate Change
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The role of climate as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
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Extreme Temperature and Low-income Household Finance: Evidence from Payday LoansPreprint
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- Authors
- Zivin, J. G., & Shrader, J.
- Venue
- The Future of Children
- Publisher
- Project MUSE
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-50
- ISSN
- 1054-8289 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-1558
- OpenAlex
- W2471927565
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Future of Children (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Keywords
- temperature extremes, heat exposure, child health, human capital, climate change, heat risk management, child development
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