Enhancing Campus Climates for Racial/Ethnic Diversity: Educational Policy and Practice
Abstract
This paper summarizes findings from classic and contemporary research on campus racial climate according to a four-dimensional model: (a) an institution’s historical legacy of inclusion or exclusion of various racial/ethnic groups, (b) its structural diversity, or the numerical representation of various racial/ethnic groups, (c) the psychological climate of perceptions and attitudes between and among groups, and (d) the behavioral climate, of campus intergroup relations. For each dimension, the paper recommends ways to enhance educational policy.
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Poor campus racial climate is linked to higher dropout rates among students of color.
“Poor campus racial climate can be linked to higher dropout rates among students of color (Yosso & Lopez, 2010;Hurtado, Milem, Clayton-Pederson, & Allen, 1998).”
From In Pursuit of Antiracist Social Justice: Denaturalizing Whiteness in the Academic Library (2015) · cites this paper as Hurtado, Milem, Clayton-Pederson, & Allen, 1998
Cites
Learning from the Outsider Within: The Sociological Significance of Black Feminist Thought
Collins, P. H. (1986) · Social Problems · doi:10.2307/800672 · Cited by 3,536 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Thus, an individual's position and power within the organization and his or her status as "insider" or "outsider" strongly influence attitudes (Collins, 1986).”
BackgroundSome Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women
Kanter, R. M. (1977) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/226425 · Cited by 3,154 · see citing works
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Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate for Latina/o Undergraduates
Yosso, T., Smith, W., Ceja, M., & Solórzano, D. (2009) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/haer.79.4.m6867014157m707l · Cited by 1,221 · see citing works
Nine themes in campus racial climates and implications for institutional transformation
Harper, S. R., & Hurtado, S. (2007) · New Directions for Student Services · doi:10.1002/ss.254 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Self-citationRankin, S. R., & Reason, R. D. (2005) · Journal of College Student Development · doi:10.1353/csd.2005.0008 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Sidanius, J., Van Laar, C., Levin, S., & Sinclair, S. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.96 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
In Pursuit of Antiracist Social Justice: Denaturalizing Whiteness in the Academic Library
Brook, F., Ellenwood, D., & Lazzaro, A. E. (2015) · Library Trends · doi:10.1353/lib.2015.0048 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Black Women’s Socialization and Identity Development in College: Advancing Black Feminist Thought
Porter, C. J., Green, Q., Daniels, M., & Smola, M. (2020) · Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/19496591.2019.1683021 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Post- <i>Fisher</i>: The Unfinished Research Agenda on Student Diversity in Higher Education
Chang, M. J. (2013) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x13486764 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hurtado, S., Milem, J. F., Clayton-Pedersen, A. R., & Allen, W. R.
- ORCID
- Hurtado, Sylvia
- Venue
- The Review of Higher Education
- Publisher
- Project MUSE
- Published
- 1998-03
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 279-302
- ISSN
- 0162-5748 (ISSN-L)
- 1090-7009
- OpenAlex
- W2033468424
- Cited by
- 997
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 47.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Review of higher education/The review of higher education (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- campus racial climate, racial and ethnic diversity, higher education, education policy, structural diversity, intergroup relations, psychological climate
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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