Socioeconomic Status and Health across the Life Course: A Test of the Social Causation and Health Selection Hypotheses

Warren, J. R.

doi:10.1353/sof.0.0219

Cited by 136Health disparities and outcomesPublic Health and Social InequalitiesIntergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies

Socioeconomic Status and Health across the Life Course: A Test of the Social Causation and Health Selection Hypotheses

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Warren, J. R.·2009·Social Forces

DOI 10.1353/sof.0.0219PMC PMC3626501

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Abstract

This research investigates the merits of the "social causation" and "health selection" explanations for associations between socioeconomic status and self-reported overall health, musculoskeletal health and depression. Using data that include information about individuals' SES and health from childhood through late adulthood, I employ structural equation models that account for errors in measured variables and that allow for explicit tests of various hypotheses about how SES and health are related. For each outcome and for both women and men the results provide no support for the health selection hypothesis. SES affects each health outcome at multiple points in the life course, but the reverse is not true.

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Higher rates of mental illness occur in groups with lower socioeconomic status.
“The relationship between income status and mental health has been well-documented as there are higher rates of mental illness in groups with lower socioeconomic status [53–55].”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [53]

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The Authors Reply
Elovainio, M. J., Ferrie, J. E., Singh‐Manoux, A., Shipley, M. J., Batty, G. D., Head, J. A., Hamer, M., Jokela, M. M., Virtanen, M., Brunner, E. J., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr517

Authors: Warren, J. R.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
Corresponding author: Warren, J. R.
ORCID: Warren, J. R.
Venue: Social Forces
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2009-06-01
Volume: 87
Issue: 4
Pages: 2125-2153
ISSN: 0037-7732 (ISSN-L)
1534-7605
DOI: 10.1353/sof.0.0219
PMC: PMC3626501
OpenAlex: W2100609986
Cited by: 136
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 3.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Social Forces (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5p01ag021079-08)
National Institute on Aging (P01-AG021079, R01AG009775)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
Keywords: socioeconomic status, life course, musculoskeletal health, depression, self-reported health, childhood socioeconomic status, gender differences, reverse causality

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Socioeconomic Status and Health across the Life Course: A Test of the Social Causation and Health Selection Hypotheses

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